Modification of Nanoclay Systems: An Approach to Explore Various Applications
Nanoclay has a great potential in various fields. Small amount of nanoclay can change the whole physical and chemical properties of polymers, paints, inks and lubricants by dispersing nanoclay layers into the polymer matrices. The flexibility of interlaye
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Department of Chemistry, Eritrea Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 12676, Asmara, Eritrea I. Khan (&) J.A. Rather S.I. Hassan Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, PC 123 Muscat, Oman e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] N. Ahmad Department of Botany, Patna University, Patna 800013, India A.H. Bhat Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, 31750 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Tronoh, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia D.K. Sharma TEMA-CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 M. Jawaid et al. (eds.), Nanoclay Reinforced Polymer Composites, Engineering Materials, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-1953-1_3
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Keywords Nanoclays Characterization tion Nanoclays modification
Montmorillonite Nanoclays applica-
1 Introduction Clay is generally a fine material made of natural rocks or soil stuff that consists of more than one mineral with small amount of metal oxides and organic matter. Clay is chemically small crystallites of alumino-silicates of various proportions, with substitutions of iron and magnesium by alkalis and alkaline earth elements (Pavlidou and Papaspyrides 2008). It differs from other fine materials by size and composition. The loading of nanoclays in clay based nanocomposites are optimized with many better properties as compared to the matrix materials with an eye on a specific application. Nanoclays are being commonly used for the fabrication of polymer clay nanocomposites (PCN). The loading of the clay to the polymers makes it a value added product with an increment in the properties as compared to the filled polymers at a very low addition. The incorporation of organoclay in the coatings ameliorates the rheological properties of the coatings. The final material so synthesized would prevent pigment settling and sagging on vertical surfaces (Patel et al. 2006). The extensive potential of nanoclay to improve the material properties of polymer matrix, have been proven in various studies (Chu 2006; Nguyen 2007; Ray and Okamoto 2003). The high aspect ratio enhances the interaction between matric-nanoparticles and particle-particle as compared to the interaction to conventional fillers. The incorporation of little amount of organoclays enhances the thermal stability of grease (Kandola et al. 2008; Tcherbi-Narteh 2013). Furthermore, the color retention by nanoclay, opens the avenues for it to be applied in cosmetics and inks (Natarajan 2015; Patel et al. 2006). The petroleum industry also makes use of organoclays for the removal of hydrocarbons from refineries (Natarajan 2015). The removal of toxic chemicals from pharmaceuticals and pesticides industries is being carried by organoclays (Chen et al. 2011). Other area of application are in adsorption applications for removing oil, grease, heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyl; and organic components (Stagnaro 2015), eliminating radionuclides/pertechnetate from water (Khater et al. 2013; Mota et al.
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