Modification of Surface of Carbon Fiber Materials by Plasma Treatment (Review)
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Fibre Chemistry, Vol. 52, No. 2, July, 2020 (Russian Original No. 2, March-April, 2020)
FIBROUS COMPOSITE MATERIALS MODIFICATION OF SURFACE OF CARBON FIBER MATERIALS BY PLASMA TREATMENT (REVIEW) A. I. Sidorina* and E. Sh. Imametdinov**
UDC 677.027.622
Modern processes for plasma modification of carbon fiber materials with the aim of improving the degree of adhesive interaction at the boundary between the polymeric matrix and the carbon reinforcing filler are reviewed. The strength of adhesion of carbon fibers to the polymeric matrix at the interface has a deciding effect on the strength of the carbon plastics in shear and compression and determines to a significant degree the crack resistance of the carbon plastic materials, the specific impact viscosity, and the dynamic fatigue resistance, thereby determining the durability of constructions made from them.
The technology of production of carbon fibers is constantly being improved, their strength and rigidity are being increased, and the range and regions of application of carbon fiber materials (CFM) and polymeric composite materials (PCM) based on them (carbon plastics) are being extended. Apart from improving the technology for the production of carbon fibers a considerable number of investigations are being conducted in the region of changing the properties of CFMs by modifying their surface in various ways in order to improve the properties of the fibers and also the properties of materials made from them. One of the most interesting directions of work in this region is the development of a method of treating the surface of carbon fibers with various types of plasmas in order to improve their activity. The work was carried out within the framework of a comprehensive scientific project 13.2 “Constructional polymeric composite materials” (Strategic directions in the development of materials and their processing technologies for the period up to 2030 ) [1,2]. One of the main factors that determine the properties of PCMs is interphase interaction at the interface between the reinforcing filler and the polymeric matrix, where they are chemically or mechanically combined. The measured surface energy and the wetting parameters (wetting angle, surface tension, etc.) are most often used to assess the surface activity and characteristics of the carbon materials [3]. An important parameter of interphase interaction between the fibrous reinforcing filler and the polymeric matrix is its free surface energy. Most of the polymers have low surface free energy (from 20 to 45 mJ/m2), which decreases little with increase of temperature. As a rule the surface energy of the fibrous filler must be higher than the surface energy of the matrix. In some cases the fillers have lower free surface energy than the polymeric matrix. Various methods of surface modification of the fibrous filler have been used to raise the free surface energy of the CFMs and to increase the strength of adhesion to the matrix. Adhesive contact is affected significantly by the microrheological flow of the
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