Modulation of Cardiopulmonary Toxicity and Oxidative Stress by Phenolic-Rich Fraction of Croton zambiscus Leaves in Rat
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Modulation of Cardiopulmonary Toxicity and Oxidative Stress by Phenolic‑Rich Fraction of Croton zambiscus Leaves in Rat Exposed to Chronic Mixture of Environmental Toxicants J. K. Akintunde1,2 · G. O. Oyedibu2 · N. J. Olanipekun2 · O. A. Olaleye1 Received: 17 August 2020 / Accepted: 16 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Chronic mixed toxicant exposure has been implicated in the aetiology of lung and heart failure through prolonged free radical generations. This study was carried out to assess the protective effect of naturally occurring phenolic components from Croton zambesicus (400 mg/kg C-ZAMB) leaves against cardiopulmonary toxicity induced by chronic mixed toxicant (0.5 mL EOMABRSL) in rats. Chronic cardiopulmonary injury via oral administration of 0.5 ml EOMABRSL for 98 days (non-withdrawal) and 70 days (withdrawal) caused unhealthy alteration in the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers [malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase]. Similarly, both withdrawal and non-withdrawal approaches of EOMABRSL-exposed animals exhibited increase in the activity of eco-51-nucleotidase (51ENT) with corresponding diminution in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), i.e. the metabolic fuel for cardiopulmonary wellness. Ultimately, histology examination confirmed hyperplastic, bronchopneumonia and cloudy swelling of cardiovascular cells followed by the accumulation of cellular exudates and haemorrhage in the alveoli and bronchioles. The active antioxidants of 400 mg/kg C-ZAMB leaves were responsible for the biological protection of cardiopulmonary toxicity by modulating the activities of 51ENT and LDH. The oxidative stress was also reversed by 400 mg/ kg phenolic C-ZAMB leaves in the heart and lungs. Hence, 400 mg/kg phenolic C-ZAMB leaves may be a natural therapy for the treatment of cardiovascular disorder associated with pulmonary dysfunction in rats. Keywords Croton zambesicus · Cardiopulmonary · Oxidative stress · Mixture of toxicants · Modulation
Introduction Environmental contamination and pollution by mixture of ecological toxicants is one of the major challenges in the modern human society [1]. It is also a threat to the biosphere and terrestrial habitat [1, 2]. Due to the evolution of anthropogenic activities, growth of human population and modern expansion of industrial processes, mixture of toxicants are rapidly entered Handling Editor: Vittorio Fineschi. * J. K. Akintunde [email protected] 1
Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kwara State University, P.M.B 1530, Malete, Nigeria
2
into several environmental compartments; soil, water, air and their interface [3]. Their accumulation in the environment contributes a significant
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