Modulatory role of genistein on placenta and maternal bone minerals composition: further insight into its influence on p
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Modulatory role of genistein on placenta and maternal bone minerals composition: further insight into its influence on pregnancy and foetal development Titilola Aderonke Samuel2 · Funmileyi Olubajo Awobajo1 · Taiwo Hafsah Akinsanya2 · Habeeb Shemilore Oyediran1 · Ikechukwu Eric Egege2 · Chiamaka Blessing Egede1 · Bukola Oluwasegun Timothy1 Received: 19 February 2020 / Accepted: 24 May 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó Zrt. 2020
Abstracts Pregnancy is a crucial period with an increased need to supply necessary minerals for both the mother and the developing foetus and with a tendency of altering the maternal bone mineral density when there is no balance between demand and supply of these minerals. This study evaluated the influence of genistein on the maternal bone and placenta mineral composition. Pregnant rats were grouped into control, 2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg genistein groups, dosed accordingly till sacrificed at different gestation days (GD). Body and placenta weights, right femur bone and placenta mineral composition were analysed. A significant decrease in body weight and percentage relative right femur bone weight at GD-20 was recorded in the 2-mg group with the reverse occurring in the 4-mg genistein group. The right femur bone C a2+ and Zn2+ was reduced towards GD-20 in both 2-mg and 4-mg genistein groups. Genistein had no influence on placenta selenium and cadmium level, but significantly decreased zinc and lead level concentration as the gestation progressed towards GD-20. Copper level was increased at GD-16 at the doses used. Genistein modulated maternal bone mineral composition and placenta capability in retaining some heavy metals at various stages of pregnancy. Keywords Bone minerals · Ca2+ · Zn2+ · Arsenic · Placenta · Genistein · Pregnancy · Heavy metals
Introduction Bone is a living tissue making up the skeletal system of the body and containing mostly collagen fibre a protein that provides a soft framework and calcium deposit that adds strength and hardness to the framework (Palacios 2006). Calcium ions, vitamin-D and a few other nutrients including phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin-k, and zinc are required to form and maintain strong bones in the body (Palacios 2006). Bone metabolism in the body is subject to nutritional status, health status, hormonal influence and pregnancy (Carmona 2004). Pregnancy is an energy-demanding phase in female reproduction that requires higher supply of nutrients in the form of * Funmileyi Olubajo Awobajo [email protected] 1
Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
2
protein, carbohydrate, lipids, vitamins and minerals (Khovidhunkit and Epstein 1996). The foetal bones are actively growing forming the body framework and thus placed a high demand on the maternal energy demand as well as the maternal nutrient and mineral reserve (Khovidhunkit and Epstein 1996). Although, there are few cases of osteoporosis during pregnancy rep
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