Molecular Basis of Multiple Sclerosis The Immune System

Despite major efforts by the scientific community over the years, our understanding of the pathogenesis or the mechanisms of injury of multiple sclerosis is still limited. Consequently, the current strategies for treatment and management of patients are l

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Series Editors Dietmar Richter, Henri Tiedge

Roland Martin  •  Andreas Lutterotti (eds.)

Molecular Basis of Multiple Sclerosis The Immune System

Editors Roland Martin Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Klinische Multiple-Sklerose-Forschung Falkenried 94 20251 Hamburg Germany

Series Editors Dietmar Richter Center for Molecular Neurobiology University Medical Center HamburgEppendorf (UKE) University of Hamburg Martinistrasse 52 20246 Hamburg Germany [email protected]

Andreas Lutterotti Clinical Department of Neurology Innsbruck Medical University Anichstrasse 35 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria [email protected]

Henri Tiedge The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Department of Neurology SUNY Health Science Center at Brooklyn Brooklyn, New York 11203 USA [email protected]

ISBN 978-3-642-14152-2 e-ISBN 978-3-642-14153-9 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-14153-9 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation ISSN 0080-1844 Library of Congress Control Number: 2010930623 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: WMXDesign GmbH, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

Despite major efforts by the scientific community over the years, our understanding of the pathogenesis or the mechanisms of injury of multiple sclerosis is still limited. Consequently, the current strategies for treatment and management of patients, which are sometimes based on unproven hypotheses, are limited in their efficacy. The mechanisms of tissue protection and repair are probably even less understood. Further, the knowledge of disease pathogenesis is often derived from animal models, and it is often not clear whether animal data apply to the human condition; e.g. therapy for multiple sclerosis has failed many times. One reason for these limitations is the enormous complexity of the disease and every facet of its pathogenesis, the mechanisms of tissue injury, the diagnostic procedures and finally the efficacy of treatments and their side effects. For individual researchers and clinici