The Molecular Basis of Autism
This book is a comprehensive overview of the clinical and scientific aspects of Autism from the leading experts in the field. The clinical section covers everything from epidemiological features to epigenetic regulation to behavioral therapies and much in
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S. Hossein Fatemi Editor
The Molecular Basis of Autism
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Editor S. Hossein Fatemi M.D., Ph.D., FACPsych Professor, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience MMC 392 University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis Minnesota USA
Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience ISBN 978-1-4939-2189-8 ISBN 978-1-4939-2190-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2190-4 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2015931385 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
To my father, S. Mehdi Fatemi, and to my family, S. Ali Fatemi, M.D., Naheed Fatemi, Parvin Fatemi, S. Mohammad Fatemi, Neelufaar Fatemi, Maryam Jalali-Mousavi, and my mother, Fatemeh Fatemi
Foreword
The book entitled “The Molecular Basis of Autism” has brought together over 40 autism experts to combine their expertise in defining the biological basis of this severe neurodevelopmental disorder. The book comprehensively describes the latest research on the roles of potential biomarkers (i.e., oxytocin, neurexins, and neuroligins) and classical neurotransmitter systems (i.e., γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, dopamine, acetylcholine, and serotonin) as well as the epidemiology, genetics and epigenetics of autism. Its overall importance may lie in the description of emerging findings related to potential novel treatments and biologically based diagnostic methods. For example, deficits in GABAergic and glutamatergic signaling have been replicated in human and animal experiments. Aberrations in glutamatergic transmission are also described, for instance the increased levels of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) that have been observed in subjects with idiopathic autism as well as fragile X syndrome (FXS), and also in a mouse model of FXS. These findings might open new a
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