Molecular detection of Apicomplexan hemoparasites in anurans from Brazil
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PROTOZOOLOGY - ORIGINAL PAPER
Molecular detection of Apicomplexan hemoparasites in anurans from Brazil Daniel de Abreu Reis Ferreira 1 & Lívia Perles 2 & Rosangela Zacarias Machado 2 & Cynthia P. A. Prado 1 & Marcos Rogério André 2 Received: 17 February 2020 / Accepted: 27 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Amphibians are among the most threatened vertebrate groups in the world, and the main causes include climate change, habitat destruction, and emerging diseases. Herein, we investigated the occurrence and characterized molecularly Apicomplexa in anurans from southeastern Brazil. Forty individuals from seven anuran species were sampled in São Paulo state. In the molecular analyses, one Leptodactylus latrans and one Rhinella diptycha were positive in PCR assays for species of Hepatozoon. Two L. latrans were also positive for coccidian infections (Lankesterella sp. and an unidentified coccidian species). Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rDNA clustered the sequences detected in anurans from the present study with Hepatozoon spp. detected in reptiles and other anurans from Brazil, albeit they were separate from Hepatozoon haplotypes detected in frogs from Africa and North America. Our study showed, for the first time, the molecular detection of Lankesterella sp. and another coccidian in L. latrans. Additionally, co-infection by different species of Hepatozoon haplotypes and an unidentified coccidian in anurans from Brazil was documented. Keywords Amphibian . 18S rDNA . Hepatozoon . Coccidian . Lankesterella
Introduction Anurans play an important role in the ecosystem, preying on a variety of invertebrates and serving as prey for different animal groups (Prado 2003; Toledo et al. 2007; Faggioni et al. Section Editor: Panagiotis Karanis Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06835-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Marcos Rogério André [email protected] 1
Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology of the Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, UNESP-FCAV, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
2
Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Campus de Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Zona Rural, Jaboticabal, SP CEP: 14884-900, Brazil
2017). Currently, 7166 anuran species have been described worldwide (Frost 2020), of which 1039 species occur throughout Brazil, presenting a high degree of endemism (Segalla et al. 2016). Despite this great diversity, anurans are among the vertebrate groups with the highest rate of population decline on Earth (Wake and Vredenburg 2009). Global amphibian decline and species extinctions have been detected over the last few decades and the main causes are linked to human activities, including climate change, habitat destruction, pollution, and emerging diseases that greatly affect these animals (Wake
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