Molecular epidemiology of astrovirus in children with gastroenteritis in southwestern Nigeria
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Molecular epidemiology of astrovirus in children with gastroenteritis in southwestern Nigeria K. O. Arowolo1,2,3 · C. I. Ayolabi1 · I. A. Adeleye1 · B. Lapinski2 · J. S. Santos2 · Sonia M. Raboni2 Received: 26 March 2020 / Accepted: 15 June 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Human astrovirus (HAstV) is recognized as one of the major causative agents of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. Data on the genetic diversity of HAstV in Nigeria are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of classical HAstV in children under 5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis in Ogun State, Nigeria. Fecal samples (331) as well as socio-demographic and clinical data were collected across the three senatorial districts of the state from February 2015 to April 2017. One hundred seventy-five samples were randomly selected and analyzed for the presence of HAstV using RT-PCR. PCR amplicons from positive samples were sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis was done to determine genotypes and lineages. The overall prevalence rate was 19.4% (34), with the highest occurrence observed in 2015 (41.4%). Viral coinfections were detected in 13 cases (38.2%). HAstV infection occurred throughout the year and in all age groups, mainly in the age group of 0-12 months. There was significant association between prevalence rate and collection year; however, no association was observed with gender, age, symptoms or risk factors. HAstV-5 was the predominant genotype (76.5%) circulating throughout the study period, followed by HAstV-1 (23.5%), which circulated only in the first 2 years of the study. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all HAstV-5 strains detected belonged to the 5a lineage, while HAstV-1 strains were grouped into lineage 1b. This study, to the best of our knowledge, is the first comprehensive report on molecular characterization of classical HAstV among children with gastroenteritis in the country, and this will serve as baseline information for implementing appropriate infection control practices.
Introduction Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) has been described globally as the second leading cause of death among children less than 5 years of age [1] with enteric viruses (rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus, adenovirus) being the recognized major common etiological agents [2]. Astroviruses (AstVs) are small, non-enveloped, singlestranded, positive-sense RNA viruses belonging to the Handling Editor: Akbar Dastjerdi. * Sonia M. Raboni [email protected] 1
Department of Microbiology, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
2
Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, Hospital de Clinicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
3
Department of Biological Sciences, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos, Nigeria
family Astroviridae, which is divided into two genera, Mamastrovirus and Avastrovirus, whose members infect mammals and birds, respectively. The genome, which is 6.87.9 kb long, contains of thre
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