Molecular Farming: Prospects and Limitation
Plant molecular farming is the production of recombinant pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical proteins of commercial importance utilizing plants as bioreactors. Research and development on plant-derived recombinant proteins have gained momentum in recent
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Himanshu Tak, Sanjana Negi, T.R. Ganapathi, and V.A. Bapat
Abstract
Plant molecular farming is the production of recombinant pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical proteins of commercial importance utilizing plants as bioreactors. Research and development on plant-derived recombinant proteins have gained momentum in recent years. Advantages of employing plants as bioreactors for recombinant protein generation are many including low cost of production, easier scale-up, cost-effective storage, and absence of animal pathogens in protein preparations. This article reviews the various technologies developed for employing plants as bioreactors, different plant systems being used as expression host, and limitations and research advances to overcome these limitations. An overview of different plant-derived products whether currently in market or are in different stages of development, including phases of clinical trials, is described. Special emphasis has been given on banana being used as an expression host, advantages and limitations of using banana in plant molecular farming, and different approaches which can be utilized to overcome those limitations have been described. Keywords
Molecular farming • Recombinant pharmaceuticals • Magnification • Glycosylation
18.1 H. Tak • S. Negi • T.R. Ganapathi (*) Plant Cell Culture Technology Section, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India e-mail: [email protected] V.A. Bapat Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416 004, India
Introduction
Molecular farming is the production of commercially important proteins using plants or plant cell cultures and utilized for industrial and medicinal purposes (Daniell et al. 2001a; Horn et al. 2004). The field of molecular farming has provided immense opportunities for production
© Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 S. Mohandas, K.V. Ravishankar (eds.), Banana: Genomics and Transgenic Approaches for Genetic Improvement, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-1585-4_18
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of affordable pharmaceuticals worldwide. Pharmaceutically important proteins are largely produced in mammalian cell cultures to match the glycosylation pattern and other biochemical properties of derived protein with that of protein from human origin. Limitations of scaling up and higher production cost have prevented the extensive utilization of mammalian cells for production of therapeutic proteins preventing affordability by poor people worldwide. Plantbased therapeutic protein production can be superior to mammalian or bacterial expression due to reasons like proper posttranslational modifications and folding, ease of scale-up, lower production and processing cost, higher acceptance due to less ethical issues than animal-based protein production, and less chances of biotic contaminants like viruses and bacterial toxins (Doran 2000). The technology involving systematic steps like plant transformation, growing, harvesting, and downstream processing (Wilde et al
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