Molecular phylogeny of Cytospora species associated with canker diseases of fruit and nut crops in California, with the
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oi:10.5598/imafungus.2018.09.02.07
Daniel P. Lawrence1, Leslie A. Holland1, Mohamed T. Nouri2, Renaud Travadon1, Ara Abramians1, Themis J. Michailides2, and Florent P. Trouillas2
ART I CLE
Molecular phylogeny of Cytospora species associated with canker diseases of fruit and nut crops in California, with the descriptions of ten new species and one new combination
1
Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis and Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Centre, Parlier, CA 93648, USA; corresponding author e-mail: !
2
Abstract: Cytospora species are destructive canker and dieback pathogens of woody hosts in natural and "
multi-locus sequence typing studies and the lack of sequence data from type specimens in public repositories, stalling robust phylogenetic reconstructions. In most cases a morphological species concept could not be applied !
and fruiting body characters. In this study, we employed a molecular phylogenetic framework with the inclusion of four nuclear loci (ITS, translation elongation factor 1-alpha, actin, and beta-tubulin) to unveil the biodiversity and taxonomy of this understudied important genus of plant pathogens. Phylogenetic inferences based on 150 Californian isolates revealed 15 Cytospora species associated with branch and twig cankers and dieback of almond, apricot, cherry, cottonwood, olive, peach, pistachio, plum, pomegranate, and walnut trees in California. Of #$
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The pathogenic status of the newly described Cytospora species requires further investigation as most species were associated with severe dieback and decline of diverse and economically important fruit and nut crops in California.
Key words: Cytosporaceae Cytospora canker Diaporthales multigene phylogeny new taxa taxonomy
Article info: Submitted: 30 March 2018; Accepted: 12 September 2018; Published: 26 September 2018.
INTRODUCTION The generic name Cytospora (Sordariomycetes, Diaporthales, Cytosporaceae) was introduced in 1818 and includes seemingly innocuous endophytes isolated from the bark, xylem, and leaves of asymptomatic woody plants (Spielman 1983, Bills 1996), saprobes that colonize and degrade the wood of dead or dying trees (Christensen 1940), and destructive canker pathogens (known as Cytospora-, Leucostoma-, Valsa-, or perennial canker) that cause dieback of more than 85 woody plant species (Sinclair et al. 1987, Adams et al. 2005, 2006). The chronic wood infections caused by Cytospora species can be devastating to stone fruit, pome fruit, and nut crops such as Prunus persica, P. armeniaca, P. avium, Malus spp., and Juglans spp. (Biggs & G
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