Moniliella spathulata , an oil-degrading yeast, which promotes growth of barley in oil-polluted soil

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ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Moniliella spathulata, an oil-degrading yeast, which promotes growth of barley in oil-polluted soil Annett Mikolasch 1 & Ramza Berzhanova 2 & Anel Omirbekova 2 & Anne Reinhard 1 & Daniele Zühlke 1 & Mareike Meister 3 & Togzhan Mukasheva 2 & Katharina Riedel 1 & Tim Urich 1 & Frieder Schauer 1 Received: 23 April 2020 / Revised: 5 November 2020 / Accepted: 9 November 2020 # The Author(s) 2020

Abstract The yeast strain Moniliella spathulata SBUG-Y 2180 was isolated from oil-contaminated soil at the Tengiz oil field in the Atyrau region of Kazakhstan on the basis of its unique ability to use crude oil and its components as the sole carbon and energy source. This yeast used a large number of hydrocarbons as substrates (more than 150), including n-alkanes with chain lengths ranging from C10 to C32, monomethyl- and monoethyl-substituted alkanes (C9–C23), and n-alkylcyclo alkanes with alkyl chain lengths from 3 to 24 carbon atoms as well as substituted monoaromatic and diaromatic hydrocarbons. Metabolism of this huge range of hydrocarbon substrates produced a very large number of aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic acids. Fifty-one of these were identified by GC/MS analyses. This is the first report of the degradation and formation of such a large number of compounds by a yeast. Inoculation of barley seeds with M. spathulata SBUG-Y 2180 had a positive effect on shoot and root development of plants grown in oil-contaminated sand, pointing toward potential applications of the yeast in bioremediation of polluted soils. Key points • Moniliella spathulata an oil-degrading yeast • Increase of the growth of barley Keywords Moniliella spathulata . Trichosporonoides spathulata . Crude oil . Biphenyl . Dibenzofuran

Introduction The yeast SBUG-Y 2180 was isolated from a sample of oilcontaminated soil from the Tengiz oil field in the Atyrau region of Kazakhstan. The Tengiz oil reservoir was discovered in 1979. It is approximately 21 km long and 19 km wide and is one of the largest oil fields worldwide with reserves estimated at between six billion and nine billion barrels (GlobalData.com 2020; Pala This work is dedicated to the late scientist Frieder Schauer. * Annett Mikolasch [email protected] 1

Institute of Microbiology, University Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany

2

Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave 71, Almaty, Kazakhstan 050040

3

Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany

2001). It is considered to be the largest single-trap producing reservoir in existence (Chevron.com 2020). There have been a number of accidental spills during the exploitation of this deposit, because the oil is hot and under greater pressure than has been seen at any other location. In addition, the oil contains a large proportion of gas, and is rich in H2S. These properties of the Tengiz reservoir are serious challenges for its exploitation, even when the