Monitoring of Canopy Reflectance Change Based on Flowering Rate
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Monitoring of Canopy Reflectance Change Based on Flowering Rate Ahmet Karakoç1
•
Murat Karabulut2
Received: 23 January 2020 / Accepted: 11 August 2020 Ó Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2020
Abstract Hyperspectral remote sensing data have certain disadvantages as well as being a widely used tool for investigating biophysical and biochemical characteristics in grasslands due to its many advantages. Most importantly, some external influences have negative effects on the signals obtained from the canopy. Studies conducted in recent years have revealed that one of these negative externalities is the flowering on the canopy. The purpose of this study is to show how spectral reflectance readings are affected in samples with different flowering rates. The following procedure in the given order was carried out, and this procedure was repeated for a total of 46 measurements from within 10 quadrats: (1) placing quadrats of 50 9 50 cm on selected sampling areas, (2) performing spectral measurements in the quadrats, (3) measuring the chlorophyll content, (4) taking photographs of the quadrats and (5) subtilization of some of the flowers in the quadrats. Vegetation indices were also generated from collected spectral data during the data processing stage, and the flowering rate in each canopy was determined by the supervised classification method. Relations between flowering rate and spectral data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and linear regression models. The results show that there was a linear relationship between the flowering rate and the spectral reflectance in the red and green regions, whereas there was no statistically significant relationship with the reflectance in the NIR region. Moreover, all vegetation indices, especially REP, were affected from flowering variations. This effect was found to be lower in heterogeneous samples and higher in homogeneous samples. Evidence was found that the basic factor governing this effect was the fact that the flowers formed an obstacle to the detection of chlorophyll content by covering a certain part of the canopy. Keywords Plant reflectance Flower coverage Hyperspectral remote sensing Grasslands
Introduction Vegetation indices, first designed by Jordan (1969) as a way of simple proportioning, can be defined as mathematical combinations of two or more spectral bands (Roberts et al. 2011; Vin˜a et al. 2011). The main purpose of vegetation indices, which have been developed and diversified over time and have a widespread use today, is to minimize the influence of external factors such as soil background, atmosphere, sun/sensor angle and highlight
& Murat Karabulut [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Kadirli Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, Department of Geography, Korkut Ata University, Osmaniye, Turkey
2
Faculty of Art and Sciences, Department of Geography, Kahramanmaras¸ Su¨tc¸u¨ I˙mam University, Kahramanmaras¸ , Turkey
vegetation characteristic (Shen et al. 2009). As a matter of fact, these external factors
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