Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in Blood Cell Membranes from Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
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Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in Blood Cell Membranes from Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Gloudina Maria Hon,1 Mogamat Shafick Hassan,1 Susan Janse van Rensburg,2 Stefan Abel,3 Rajiv T. Erasmus,4 and Tandi Matsha1,5
Abstract—The aim of this study was to investigate whether blood cell membrane monounsaturated fatty acids were associated with inflammation and disease outcome in patients with multiple sclerosis. The fatty acid composition in peripheral blood mononuclear cell and red blood cell membranes from 26 patients and 25 controls were determined by gas chromatography. Results showed positive associations between C-reactive protein and C16:1n-7, C18:1n-7, and C24:1n-9 in membranes from controls only. In general, C18:1n-9 and C20:1n-9 showed inverse correlations, while C16:1n-7 and C18:1n-7 showed positive correlations with disease outcome. Multiple sclerosis has a known inflammatory component. There is scarcity of literature on the role of monounsaturated fatty acids in inflammation, but results from this study suggested an association in healthy subjects between monounsaturated fatty acids and C-reactive protein, even at physiologically low levels. This association was not found in the plasma from patients. Furthermore, the n-9 and n-7 fatty acids played different roles in disease outcome, and therefore warrant inclusion, together with polyunsaturated fatty acids when investigating the inflammatory aspects of the disease. KEY WORDS: C-reactive protein; Kurtzke expanded disability status scale; monounsaturated fatty acids; multiple sclerosis.
and MUFAs from carbohydrates if sufficient dietary fat is unavailable [1, 2] and will replace insufficient PUFA concentrations with the nonessential fatty acids, SATS and MUFAs [1]. In this regard, decreases in PUFAs in plasma [3] red blood cells (RBCs) [4] and leukocytes [5] from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and increases in SATS in plasma and RBC [4] and MUFAs in plasma [6] have been reported. There is scarcity of literature on the MUFA composition in blood cells from these patients however. Furthermore, the effects of MUFAs on eicosanoid metabolism are less clear than that of the n-6 and n-3 PUFAs [7]. Studies suggest that MUFA-rich diets decrease the expression of adhesion molecules on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) membranes and may therefore have specific anti-inflammatory effects [7, 8]. The effects of MUFA on inflammation in humans may therefore be clinically important, especially as some studies have shown a beneficial effect of olive oil supplementation in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis [7, 9, 10]. The major components of olive oil are palmitate (SATS), oleate (MUFA), and
INTRODUCTION The fatty acids contained within membrane phospholipids can be saturated (SATS) or mono- and polyunsaturated (MUFAs and PUFAs, respectively). Essential fatty acids needed for PUFA synthesis come from the diet, but the body can synthesize both SATS
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Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Science, Cape Peninsula University of Te
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