Morphological and anatomical characteristics of exserted stigma sterility and the location and function of SlLst ( Solan
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Morphological and anatomical characteristics of exserted stigma sterility and the location and function of SlLst (Solanum lycopersicum Long styles) gene in tomato Mo‑zhen Cheng1 · Chao Gong1,3 · Bo Zhang1 · Wei Qu2 · Hao‑nan Qi1 · Xiu‑ling Chen2 · Xing‑yuan Wang1 · Yao Zhang1 · Jia‑yin Liu2 · Xiao‑dong Ding1 · You‑wen Qiu1 · Ao‑xue Wang1,2 Received: 5 July 2020 / Accepted: 15 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Key message Anatomical changes in and hormone roles of the exserted stigma were investigated, and localization and functional analysis of SlLst for the exserted stigma were performed using SLAF-BSA-seq, parental resequencing and overexpression of SlLst in tomato. Abstract Tomato accession T431 produces stigmas under relatively high temperatures (> 27 °C, the average temperature in Harbin, China, in June–August), so pollen can rarely reach the stigma properly. This allows the percentage of male sterility exceed 95%, making the use of this accession practical for hybrid seed production. To investigate the mechanism underlying the exserted stigma male sterility, the morphological changes of, anatomical changes of, and comparative endogenous hormone (IAA, ABA, GA3, ZT, SA) changes in flowers during flower development of tomato accessions DL5 and T431 were measured. The location and function of genes controlling exserted stigma sterility were analyzed using super SLAFBSA-seq, parental resequencing, comparative genomics and the overexpression of SlLst in tomato. The results showed that an increase in cell number mainly caused stigma exsertion. IAA played a major role, while ABA had an opposite effect on stigma exertion. Moreover, 26 candidate genes related to the exserted stigma were found, located on chromosome 12. The Solyc12g027610.1 (SlLst) gene was identified as the key candidate gene by functional analysis. A subcellular localization assay revealed that SlLst is targeted to the nucleus and cell membrane. Phenotypic analysis of SlLst-overexpressing tomato showed that SlLst plays a crucial role during stigma exsertion. Keywords Anatomical structure · Exserted stigma sterility · Hormones · Precise mapping · Sllst gene · Tomato Abbreviations IAA Auxin ABA Abscisic Acid GA3 Gibberellin ZT Zeatin SA Salicylic Acid Communicated by Sanwen Huang. Mo-zhen Cheng, Chao Gong and Bo Zhang authors have contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-020-03710-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ao‑xue Wang [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
ETH Ethylene HLPC High Performance Liquid Chromatography SNP Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Pm Male parent Pf Female parent F2ls F2 Long stigma F2nls F2 No long stigma
Introduction Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a kind of self-pollinated crop species that was originally restricted to the Peru-Ecuador area (Jenkins 194
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