Morphometric studies on Nigerian honeybee Apis mellifera adansonni L. workers of rainforest and Sudan agro-ecological zo
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Morphometric studies on Nigerian honeybee Apis mellifera adansonni L. workers of rainforest and Sudan agro-ecological zones of Nigeria Olubusola Temitope Adeoye 1 & Olufemi Richard Pitan 2 & Kehinde Olutoyin Ademolu 3 & Ayangbade Emmanuel Ayandokun 1 Received: 23 April 2020 / Accepted: 6 October 2020 # African Association of Insect Scientists 2020
Abstract The threat to honeybees, Apis mellifera occasioned by anthropogenic activities often reduced variations and loss of diversity globally, hence the need to conserve the existing honeybee populations. Fifteen morphological characters were measured for variation on four hundred (400) worker honeybee samples purposively collected from two agro-ecological zones of Nigeria. Inferential statistics Analysis of Variance, SNK and t- test (α = 0.05) and dendrogram of morphological proximity based on wings and proboscis length was also constructed using PAST 2.14 version analysis as appropriate for data collected. Results showed that significant morphological variation (p < 0.05) existed within honeybees in locations studied in each agro-ecological zones and among Apis mellifera populations in both Sudan and rainforest ecological zones in Nigeria. A. mellifera L. collected from areas of Sudan vegetation (mountainous zone) showed significant higher value of several morphological characters as compared to those found in rainforest zone (sub-mountainous zone). Whereas high morphological similarities were observed in Sudan honeybee populations, distant relatedness of Emure (rainforest) honeybees however were recorded (CV = 0.34). The study concluded that ecotypes exist in Nigerian honeybees as a result of significant morphometric variations which could have significant impact in future bee breeding programmes with respect to A. mellifera L. in Sudan and rainforest agroecological zones of Nigeria. It is recommended that activities that will enhance honeybee conservation should therefore be encouraged. Keywords Apis mellifera . Body characteristics . Conservation . Diversity . Ecological . Nigeria . Variations
Introduction * Olubusola Temitope Adeoye [email protected]; [email protected] Olufemi Richard Pitan [email protected] Kehinde Olutoyin Ademolu [email protected] Ayangbade Emmanuel Ayandokun [email protected] 1
Department of Forest Conservation and Protection, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Jericho-Hills, Ibadan, Nigeria
2
Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
3
Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
Honeybee Apis mellifera (Linnaeus, 1804) occur naturally almost in all parts of Africa, Europe and Asia (Miguel et al. 2011). Over the years, the species is known as the most economically valuable social insect due to the role it plays in enhancing food security, poverty reduction and food production through pollination of crops. Bee products such as honey, pollen, royal jelly, propolis, bee venom and
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