Multi-metal resistance and potential of Alcaligenes sp. MMA for the removal of heavy metals
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Multi‑metal resistance and potential of Alcaligenes sp. MMA for the removal of heavy metals Kushneet Kaur Sodhi1 · Mohit Kumar1,2 · Dileep Kumar Singh1 Received: 16 June 2020 / Accepted: 22 September 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Pollution of water bodies is increasing because of toxic metals. In view of this, the present study examines the removal efficiency of heavy metals C u2+, Cd2+, Cr6+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ by a bacterial strain isolated from River Yamuna. Initially, three strains were isolated, and further examined for the maximum tolerance index. Among the three isolates, strain MMA showed the highest tolerance to the heavy metals and was selected. The biochemical characterization and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the strain belonged to the genus Alcaligenes. Metal removal by the strain was observed at 20 mg/L in both individual and multi-metal experimental setup. The highest metal removal i2+(82.45%), Zn2+ (69.99%), C d2+ (63.04%), and least for C r6+ within 72 h was observed for C u2+(88.45%) followed by N (48.93%). Bacterial biosorption studies were done using SEM–EDX and FT-IR. Along with the metal removal, the heavy metal assessment of the River was also done for the year September 2017–August 2018, representing the post-monsoon, monsoon, and pre-monsoon. Cu2+, Cd2+, Cr6+, and Zn2+ were detected in the water sample due to the uncontrolled discharge of effluents into the river. Keywords Alcaligenes sp. · Bioaccumulation · FTIR · Heavy metals · SEM–EDX
1 Introduction Accumulation of heavy metals in the aquatic ecosystem poses a serious risk to aquatic flora and fauna [31]. The subsequent enrichment via food chains further puts human health at risk [18]. Heavy metals also affect the microbial diversity, growth, morphology by disrupting the cell membrane integrity and denaturation of the cellular proteins, thereby disturbing the aquatic processes mediated by the microbes [22, 42]. Human exposure to heavy metals is associated with diseases such as cancer, damage to the organs, and death [16]. The aquatic environment, along with sediments and soil, plays a major role
in biogeochemical cycles, and its pollution leads to disturbance of the ecological balance [17]. The present study focusses on the River Yamuna. The Yamuna River is the most important source of water for the northern parts of India. The River stretch is 48 km in length [6]. Almost 95% of the River water is used as a source of irrigation, remaining is used in the industries and household [11]. Assessment of water quality of the River was done in the study conducted by Bhattacharya et al. [6]. High levels of hazardous metals were found and various drains that emerge into the Yamuna are the main source of pollution. The irrigation through this polluted water leads to heavy metals contamination in crops and soil. Metals such as
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-03583-4) contains supplementary mate
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