Potential of Magnetic Nanoferrites in Removal of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Water: Mini Review
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REVIEW
Potential of Magnetic Nanoferrites in Removal of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Water: Mini Review Manish Kumar Bharti 1 & Sakshi Gupta 2 & Sonia Chalia 1 & Isha Garg 3 & Preeti Thakur 3 & Atul Thakur 4 Received: 5 July 2020 / Accepted: 25 August 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Water, being an essential element for the survival of living organisms, requires to be free from contaminants and pollutants. These contaminants are generally of organic, biological, microbial or inorganic nature, and all these contaminants pose severe hazards to human health upon consumption through the water. The high concentration of heavy metal ions is being found in water resources owing to the ever-increasing anthropogenic as well as industrial activities. Some of the heavy metals are crucial for the development and functioning of the human body, whereas some are toxic. In any case, consumption of any heavy metal beyond the accepted guideline values can lead to the rise of health complications. Researchers are effectively using magnetic nanoferrites as nanoadsorbents for water treatment. Specially designed magnetic nanoferrites have been found to provide as high as 99% elimination of selective heavy metal ions from the contaminated water. The present study reviews the recent researches conducted in the last two decades in the area of health hazards posed by prolonged consumption of heavy metal ions through consumable water and about using magnetic nanoferrites, their composites and derivatives for efficient removal of different kinds of heavy metal ions. Keywords Heavy metal ions . Magnetic nanoferrites . Nanoadsorbents . Contaminated water . Adsorption . Health hazards
1 Introduction 1.1 Water Pollution Water is, undoubtedly, the foundation of human civilization as in the absence of water the life on earth will cease to exist. Water is one of the most vital elements essential for the existence and survival of humans and animals as well as plants. Water acts as the building material for cells, tissues and organs. Water accounts for 70% of the human’s body weight and is the
* Atul Thakur [email protected] 1
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, Haryana 122413, India
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, Haryana 122413, India
3
Department of Physics, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, Haryana 122413, India
4
Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, Haryana 122413, India
critical constituent of blood and other bodily fluids. Water maintains the balance of bodily fluids in the human body as these fluids assist in numerous biological processes such as digestion, circulation, transportation and absorption of nutrients, along with maintaining the body temperature. Water also contributes to the production of lubricating fluid for joints and acts as a shock absorber due to its tendency to combine with viscous molecules and maintain its cellular shape [1, 2]. According to Th
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