Multi-omics analysis reveals the influence of genetic and environmental risk factors on developing gut microbiota in inf
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RESEARCH
Open Access
Multi-omics analysis reveals the influence of genetic and environmental risk factors on developing gut microbiota in infants at risk of celiac disease Maureen M. Leonard1,2,3,4, Hiren Karathia5†, Meritxell Pujolassos6†, Jacopo Troisi6,7,8†, Francesco Valitutti8,9†, Poorani Subramanian5†, Stephanie Camhi2,4, Victoria Kenyon2,4, Angelo Colucci6,7, Gloria Serena1,2,3,4, Salvatore Cucchiara10, Monica Montuori10, Basilio Malamisura11, Ruggiero Francavilla12, Luca Elli13, Brian Fanelli5, Rita Colwell5,14, Nur Hasan5, Ali R. Zomorrodi1,2,3,4*, Alessio Fasano1,2,3,4,8* and the CD-GEMM Team
Abstract Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune digestive disorder that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals in response to ingesting gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley. Research shows that genetic predisposition and exposure to gluten are necessary but not sufficient to trigger the development of CD. This suggests that exposure to other environmental stimuli early in life, e.g., cesarean section delivery and exposure to antibiotics or formula feeding, may also play a key role in CD pathogenesis through yet unknown mechanisms. Here, we use multi-omics analysis to investigate how genetic and early environmental risk factors alter the development of the gut microbiota in infants at risk of CD. (Continued on next page)
* Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] Karathia, Hiren; Pujolassos, Meritxell; Troisi, Jacopo; Valitutti, Francesco; and Subramanian, Poorani are joint second authors. † Hiren Karathia, Meritxell Pujolassos, Jacopo Troisi, Francesco Valitutti and Poorani Subramanian contributed equally to this work. 1 Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
Leonard et al. Microbiome
(2020) 8:130
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