Multi-scale mechanotransduction of the poroelastic signals from osteon to osteocyte in bone tissue
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RESEARCH PAPER
Multi‑scale mechanotransduction of the poroelastic signals from osteon to osteocyte in bone tissue Xiaogang Wu1 · Chaoxin Li1 · Kuijun Chen1 · Yuqin Sun1 · Weilun Yu1 · Meizhen Zhang2 · Yanqin Wang1 · Yixian Qin1 · Weiyi Chen1 Received: 15 April 2020 / Revised: 24 May 2020 / Accepted: 19 June 2020 © The Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In order to quantify the poroelastic mechanical signals conduction and evaluate the biomechanical effectiveness of functional units (osteocyte processes, canaliculi and lacuna) in lacunar-canalicular system (LCS), a multiscale poroelastic finite element model was established by using the Comsol Multiphysics software. The poroelastic mechanical signals (pore pressure, fluid velocity, von-Mises stress, strain) were analyzed inside the osteon-osteocyte system. The effects of osteocyte (OCY)’s shape (ellipse and circle), long axis directions (horizontal and vertical) and mechanical properties (Elastic modulus and permeability) on its poroelastic responses were examined. It is found that the OCY processes is the best mechanosensor compared with the OCY body, lacunae and canaliculi. The mechanotransduction ability of the elliptic shaped OCY is stronger than that of circular shaped. The pore pressure and flow velocity around OCYs increase as the elastic modulus and permeability of OCY increase. The established model can be used for studying the mechanism of bone mechanotransduction at the multiscale level. Keywords Osteocyte · Lacunar-canalicular system · Mechanotransduction · Finite element analysis · Poroelasticity
1 Introduction Bone tissue is a multi-level system [1]. Bone structure (cm/ mm) can be regarded as the macroscopic level, which is mainly composed of osteon groups, periosteum and bone marrow. The second mesoscopic level of single osteon composed of lamella layers around the middle Haversian canal, forming a cylinder with the radius about 100–150 μm. The third microscopic level is osteocyte (OCY) system, which mainly includes OCY body, processes, canaliculi and lacunae. Bone is a dynamic biological structure that can adapt to the external mechanical environment by changing its structure. Mechanical loading conduction on bone tissue induces several fluid stimuli for OCYs feeling, such as pressure, shear forces, streaming current. More and more evidences show that fluid flow in tiny pipe gaps inside bone minerals is the main stress-inducing factor for OCYs responses. It is * Weiyi Chen [email protected] 1
College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
College of Physical Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
2
believed that OCY is the main mechanical receptor in bone tissue [2] and can transform mechanical signals into biological signals for regulating bone remodeling [3–5]. However, the bone mechanotransduction mechanism involved the fluid motion is unclear, especially scientific quan
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