Multifunctional antifogging coatings based on ZrO 2 and SiO 2 nanoparticles by spray-spin-blow layer-by-layer assembly
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College of Textiles and Clothing, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China; and Key Lab of Textile Science & Technology of Anhui Province, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China 2 College of Textiles and Clothing, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China 3 College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] b) These authors contributed equally to this work. Received: 14 August 2019; accepted: 24 September 2019
Multifunctional antifogging (AF) coatings consisting of alternating layers of positively charged ZrO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and negatively charged SiO2 NPs were rapidly fabricated via spray-spin-blow layer-by-layer electrostatic assembly followed by calcination. The resultant coatings of only three bilayers exhibited excellent AF, superhydrophilic, antireflective (AR), and self-cleaning (SC) properties, as well as high mechanical stability. These were demonstrated by various methods, e.g., transmission and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis spectrometry, a contact angle test, a boiling test (constant 100 °C), a low-temperature test, and mechanical stability tests. ZrO2 and SiO2 NPs were synthesized and utilized as building blocks for fabricating the coatings. The resultant coatings exhibited excellent AF and SC properties due to the superhydrophilicity of the coating, showed excellent AR properties due to the quarter-wave coating with a low refractive index, and exhibited excellent superhydrophilic properties due to a rough microtextured surface. The simplicity of the fabrication process, easy availability of the nanomaterials, and excellent adhesion to substrates for the coating preparation might make the low-cost, nontoxic, and eco-friendly multifunctional coatings potentially useful in optical and display devices.
Introduction Fogging occurs when the hot water vapor condenses onto a cold surface to form discrete and dispersed light-diffusing tiny droplets and when the surface temperature is below the dew point of the surrounding air [1, 2, 3]. Fogging is quite common and often causes trouble to people in day-to-day life. To solve the problem, we can fabricate a coating, which is wetted by water completely and instantaneously (superhydrophilicity: water contact angle , 5° within 0.5 s or less) [4, 5] or which completely resists wetting by water (superhydrophobicity: water contact angle . 150° and very low sliding angle , 5°; , 6-lL droplets) [6, 7]. To obtain a highly transparent surface, we should construct antireflective (AR) coatings. Nowadays, AR coatings/films have been attracting much attention for their applications in solar cells, optical devices, and display devices as
ª Materials Research Society 2019
a result of their ability to enhance transmittance and remove ghost images [8, 9]. An ideal AR coating should match the following two conditions [10]: (i) nc 5 (na ns)1/2, reflection will be suppressed at the wa
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