Multimodal signaling in the visuo-acoustic mismatch paradigm: similarities between dogs and children in the communicativ
- PDF / 638,421 Bytes
- 9 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 21 Downloads / 184 Views
REVIEW
Multimodal signaling in the visuo‑acoustic mismatch paradigm: similarities between dogs and children in the communicative approach Anna Scandurra1 · Claudia Pinelli2 · Barbara Fierro1 · Anna Di Cosmo1 · Biagio D’Aniello1 Received: 17 January 2020 / Revised: 18 May 2020 / Accepted: 20 May 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this review, we have analyzed the studies on the “mismatch paradigm” or “contrasting paradigm”, in which the word indicates an intent that is opposite to the gesture in dogs and children. The studies on children highlighted the importance of the type of gestural messages that, when delivered in a non-ostensive manner, assume less value than the verbal indication; whereas, when more emphasis is given to the gestures, it produces opposite results. Word-trained dogs appear to rely more on words, but in the absence of such specific training, dogs rely more on gestures either in transitive or intransitive actions. Moreover, gestural communication appears easier to generalize, since dogs respond equally well to the gestural messages of familiar persons and strangers, whereas their performance lowers when a stranger provides a vocal message. Visual signals trigger faster responses than auditory signals, whereas verbal indications can at most equal the gestural latencies, but never overcome them. Female dogs appeared to be more proficient in the interpretation of gestural commands, while males performed better in the case of verbal commands. Based on a PRISMA analyses from the Web of Science database, three papers on children and four on dogs were retrieved. Our analyses revealed that gestures are more reliable reference points than words for dogs and children. Future studies should focus on choices related to objects of different values for the subjects. Moreover, the choices of dogs should be compared using known and unknown objects, which might help clarify how familiarity with the objects could differently influence their responses. Keywords Contrasting paradigm · Dog behavior · Human gestures · Mismatch paradigm · Words
Introduction In children, the acquisition of vocabulary starts at about 2 years of age and progresses at a rate of about 10 new learned words per day (Bloom 2000), whereby people heavily rely on verbal communication in adulthood. Nevertheless, non-verbal communication appears to be equally important as it conveys about 70% of the informative content in a verbal exchange (Zhan 2012). Apart from intraspecies
* Biagio D’Aniello [email protected] 1
Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
Department of Environmental, Biological, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
2
communication, humans also communicate with other animals, especially with domesticated species. One of the species with which humans share a close relationship and continuous communicative exchanges is the dog (Canis lupus familiaris). The deep integ
Data Loading...
