Multiple Description Wavelet Coding of Layered Video Using Optimal Redundancy Allocation
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Multiple Description Wavelet Coding of Layered Video Using Optimal Redundancy Allocation Nikolaos V. Boulgouris,1 Konstantinos E. Zachariadis,2 Angelos Kanlis,3 and Michael G. Strintzis4, 5 1 Department
of Electronic Engineering, Division of Engineering, King’s College London, WC2R 2LS London, United Kingdom Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, IL 60208, USA 3 The European Patent Office, Munich 80298, Germany 4 The Informatics and Telematics Institute, Thessaloniki GR-57001, Greece 5 The Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of the University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece 2 The
Received 2 March 2005; Revised 30 August 2005; Accepted 1 September 2005 We present a wavelet-based framework for the encoding of video in multiple descriptions. Using the proposed methodology, the generation of multiple descriptions is performed so that drift is eliminated at the decoder regardless of the number of received descriptions. Moreover, the proposed framework is flexible in the sense that it allows the encoding of video into an arbitrary number of descriptions. We also present a thorough analysis of rate allocation issues and propose three algorithms for the optimal allocation of redundancy. Experimental results for the transmission of video using two descriptions demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Copyright © 2006 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved.
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INTRODUCTION
Multiple description (MD) coding [1, 2] offers an attractive framework for the transmission of multimedia over heterogeneous networks. In MD coding, a source is encoded into multiple independently decodable bitstreams which are mutually refining and equally important. At the decoder side, the reconstruction quality is dependent on the number of descriptions that was errorlessly received. Due to its flexibility, multiple description coding is considered a very robust and reliable tool for information transmission. Multiple description coding has been investigated for image [3–5] and video transmission [6–11]. In the particular case of video transmission, the study of MD systems becomes more complicated due to the uncertainty about the information that will be available at the decoder of an MD system. In [12], a methodology was presented for the design of two-channel orthonormal filter banks based on the Lagrangian optimization of the redundancy rate-distortion performance of MD subband coding. In [7], an MD predictive quantization system was introduced, appropriate for the encoding of correlated information sources such as video and speech. The proposed system was used to construct a balanced twin-description interframe MD video coder, and performance results are presented using two packetization
strategies. A review on MD coding was recently presented in [13]. In [6], MD video coders were proposed which use motion-compensated prediction. These systems utilize MD transform coding, three separate prediction paths, and side information in order to accommodate all possible scenarios at the decoder
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