Multiple olfactory pathways contribute to the lure process of Caenorhabditis elegans by pathogenic bacteria
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ltiple olfactory pathways contribute to the lure process of Caenorhabditis elegans by pathogenic bacteria 1
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Man Zhu , Yao Chen , Ninghui Zhao , Hua Bai , Keqin Zhang & Xiaowei Huang 1
State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, and College of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; 2 Neurosurgery of the Second Hospital Affiliated with Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China; 3 College of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China Received July 14, 2020; accepted October 12, 2020; published online December 1, 2020
Chemosensation is indispensable for the survival of Caenorhabditis elegans to discriminate food and pathogenic bacteria in their living environment. Food-like odors emitted by the pathogen Bacillus nematocida B16 for trapping its hosts and an olfactory signaling pathway responsible to sense the attractant 2-heptanone were identified in our previous study. Here, we further explore how the worms recognize the attractive molecules indole and 2-ethyl hexanol, which have different chemical properties and modest nematode-luring ability. We show that the chemotaxis toward indole and 2-ethyl hexanol requires the G protein-coupled receptors encoded by str-193 on AWC and str-7 on AWA. In a further genetic screen for downstream effectors in olfactory signaling cascades, the Gα subunit GSA-1, guanylyl cyclase ODR-1 and DAF-11 and the cGMP-gated channel TAX-2/TAX-4 were found to be necessary for indole sensation, whereas the TRPV channels OSM-9/OCR-2 and the PLC pathway activated by GPA-6 are responsible for the detection of 2-ethyl hexanol. Altogether, our current work further clarifies the distinct olfactory signaling pathways through which C. elegans senses different chemicals and is lured by B. nematocida B16, improving our comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens effectively infect their hosts. olfactory signaling pathway, chemotaxis, attractant, pathogenic bacteria, host, Caenorhabditis elegans, B. nematocida B16 Citation:
Zhu, M., Chen, Y., Zhao, N., Bai, H., Zhang, K., and Huang, X. (2020). Multiple olfactory pathways contribute to the lure process of Caenorhabditis elegans by pathogenic bacteria. Sci China Life Sci 63, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-020-1842-7
INTRODUCTION Caenorhabditis elegans has a remarkable ability to recognize a wide variety of volatile organic compounds, most of which are byproducts of bacterial metabolism (Bargmann, 2006a). The detection of these sensory inputs mainly depends on the chemosensory neurons in the amphid and then elicits a stereotyped behavior in C. elegans, such as attractive or aversive behavior. Generally, the attractive compounds are primarily recognized by AWA or AWC, and AWB senses the repulsive volatile chemicals (Bargmann et al., 1993; Troemel et al., 1997). Unlike the one-receptor–versus–one-olfactoryneuron concept in mammals, each sensory neuron possesses
multiple olfactory receptors in C. elegans (Serizawa et al., 2004; Spehr and Leinders-
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