Multiscale Nanoporous Structures for Sensing and Diagnostics
- PDF / 1,305,574 Bytes
- 6 Pages / 612 x 792 pts (letter) Page_size
- 53 Downloads / 240 Views
1236-SS02-05
Multiscale Nanoporous Structures for Sensing and Diagnostics Shalini Prasad Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ Abstract: Current trends in sensing and diagnostics is towards developing hybrid devices that incorporate nanomaterial for enhancing device performance. These devices and systems have a broad impact ranging from personalized medicine in health care, environmental sensing and building multifunctional sensors for military applications. The overarching objective of the research work is to develop a new class of portable, bio-analytical tools with improved functionality and performance capabilities by utilizing the electrical effects on cellular and sub cellular species in micro and nanoscale domains. There are two key ideas underlying this research work. The first is to design and manufacture structures comprising of nanoscale-confined spaces integrated on to multiscale architecture platforms. This model architecture has been engineered to harness the principle of macromolecular crowding for biomolecule binding and detection by monitoring perturbations in the electrical bi-layer in tailored nanoscale confined spaces. Enhanced performance metrics in biomolecule detection have been demonstrated in developing electrical immunoassays. We have demonstrated picogram/ml sensitivity in detection of specific cardiovascular disease biomarkers, cancer biomarkers from human serum samples with a dynamic range of response varying from pg/ml to µg/ml and response time within 120 seconds. 1. Introduction: Monitoring human health for early detection of diseases and/or organ failures is crucial for maintaining a healthy life. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the primary cause of death and disability in the United States and most European countries. Two out of three cardiac deaths occur because of lack of early diagnosis. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is responsible for 1 in 5 deaths in the United States. [1] Many proteins act as biomarkers, marking the physiological state of an organ or a system C- Reactiv Protein (CRP) is a sensitive biomarker for inflammation. Elevated CRP blood levels, when measured with high sensitivity, can predict the risk of a Myocardial Infarction (MI) or a heart attack [2]. However, detecting just one protein is not enough to accurately predict a heart attack. There are other such inflammatory protein biomarkers like Myeloperoxidase (MPO) present in blood whose concentration levels when detected, predicts the risk of a heart attack accurately[3]. In summary, there needs to be a device which can measure the concentrations of multiple protein biomarkers simultaneously and quickly with high sensitivity for predicting and preventing a heart attack. The device also needs to be easily operable and available in case of an emergency. Current techniques do not have the capability to detect multiple proteins simultaneously, hence increasing the overall time of detection. They also require highly skilled personnel or lab technicians for
Data Loading...
