Novel electrochemical sensing platform based on ion imprinted polymer with nanoporous gold for ultrasensitive and select
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Novel electrochemical sensing platform based on ion imprinted polymer with nanoporous gold for ultrasensitive and selective determination of As3+ Wuwei Ma 1,2 & Qigang Chang 1 & Jinhu Zhao 2 & Bang-Ce Ye 1 Received: 12 June 2020 / Accepted: 4 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract An electrochemical sensor has been developed based on ion imprinted polymer (IIP) and nanoporous gold (NPG) modified gold electrode (IIP/NPG/GE) for determination of arsenic ion (As3+) in different kinds of water. NPG with high conductivity, large specific surface area, and high biocompatibility was prepared by a green electrodeposition method. Then a layer of IIP was synthesized in situ on NPG surface by electropolymerization, in which As3+ was used as template ion and o-phenylenediamine as functional monomer. We used potassium ferricyanide and potassium ferrocyanide chelates as electrochemical probes to generate signals. The electrochemical behavior of IIP/NPG/GE (vs. Ag/AgCl) was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The linear range for As3+ was 2.0 × 10−11 to 9.0 × 10−9 M, and the lower detection limit was 7.1 × 10−12 M (S/N = 3). This newly developed sensor has good stability and selectivity, and has been successfully applied to the As3+ determination of four kinds of water quality. Keywords Ion imprinted polymer . Water quality . Cyclic voltammetry . Potassium ferricyanide . Potassium ferrocyanide . Template ion
Introduction Arsenic exists in many different chemical forms in nature, especially in groundwater, including arsenite (HAsO32−, As3+) and arsenate (HAsO42−, As5+) [1–3]. The arsenic compounds are highly toxic which is largely dependent on As3+. As3+ is 50 times more toxic than arsenate [4]. Many reports Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-04552-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Wuwei Ma [email protected] * Qigang Chang [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
2
Xinjiang Xiangrun New Material Technology Co. Ltd., Hami 839000, China
show that the continuous increase in arsenic levels in drinking water can cause high risk of kinds of diseases [5, 6]. The maximum allowable contamination level of arsenic in drinking water by the World Health Organization (WHO) is 10 μg L−1 (i.e., 10 ppb) [2, 7, 8]. Therefore, detecting and monitoring environmental contaminants accurately and quickly are important. Various precise analytical methods can be used for the detection of arsenic in water, such as atomic fluorescence atomic fluorescence spectrometry, atomic fluorescence spectrometry, x-ray fluorescence, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and high-phase liquid chromatography [9–12]. H
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