Nanocomposites Potential for Aero Applications

This chapter briefly summarizes the types of nanocomposites, their fabrication and properties. Emphasis is placed on the strengthening mechanisms for metal, polymer and ceramic matrix nanocomposites. A brief introduction to the types of reinforcement and

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Nanocomposites Potential for Aero Applications Naveen K. Mahenderkar, T. Ram Prabhu and Anil Kumar

Abstract This chapter briefly summarizes the types of nanocomposites, their fabrication and properties. Emphasis is placed on the strengthening mechanisms for metal, polymer and ceramic matrix nanocomposites. A brief introduction to the types of reinforcement and matrix materials is given, and finally the current developments and future trends of nanocomposites are discussed. Keywords Nanocomposites Processing Applications



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 Metal matrix  Polymer matrix  Ceramic matrix 

Introduction

Nanocomposites are materials similar to conventional composites with a matrix phase and a reinforcement phase, although unlike conventional composites the dimensions of reinforcement materials are typically on the order of 100 nm or less. The reinforcement are usually 1-D, 2-D or 3-D nanomaterials. Nanocomposites are a fast growing area of research and application owing to their unique properties that are usually not seen in conventional composite materials. The properties of nanocomposites depend on both the matrix and reinforcement phases and are also influenced by the morphology and interfacial characteristics. Research so far showed that virtually all types of nanocomposites N.K. Mahenderkar (&) Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA e-mail: [email protected] T. Ram Prabhu (&) RCMA (F&F-FOL), CEMILAC, Hyderabad, India e-mail: [email protected] A. Kumar ASL, DRDO, Hyderabad, India e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2017 N. Eswara Prasad and R.J.H. Wanhill (eds.), Aerospace Materials and Material Technologies, Indian Institute of Metals Series, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-2134-3_17

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show improved properties compared to their conventional counterparts. Therefore nanocomposites with mechanically reinforced lightweight materials show promising applications in the field of aerospace materials. Nanocomposites are typically classified based on the type of materials used as the matrix. Other types of classifications include the shape and material of reinforcement, such as particle reinforced, lamellar reinforced and organic/inorganic reinforced. This chapter briefly summarizes the synthesis and properties of metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs), polymer matrix nanocomposites (PMNCs) and ceramic matrix nanocomposites (CMNCs).

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Metal Matrix Nanocomposites (MMNCs)

Recently, the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported that aviation would account for 15 % of total greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. This emphasizes the need for developing ultra-lightweight airframe and engine materials to minimize the fuel consumption and operational cost, and to increase the payload and engine thrust. Among different materials, lightweight metal matrix composites (MMCs) are most promising because of the availability of mature processing techniques and the ability to tailor attractive prope