Nanocrystalline cerium-doped Y-type barium hexaferrite; a useful catalyst for selective oxidation of styrene
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Nanocrystalline cerium‑doped Y‑type barium hexaferrite; a useful catalyst for selective oxidation of styrene Mukesh Suthar1 · Avinash K. Srivastava2 · Raj K. Joshi2 · P. K. Roy1 Received: 19 June 2020 / Accepted: 11 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The cerium-doped Y-type barium hexaferrites B a2−xCexCo2Fe12O22 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) were synthesized using the sol–gel auto combustion method. The synthesized nanocrystalline hexaferrite powders were characterized; especially it’s structural, morphological, and magnetic properties, through X-ray diffractometer, FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer, respectively. The effects of catalyst amount, reaction temperature and time, solvent and oxidizing agent required for the entire conversion of styrene to benzaldehyde were also examined with pure Y-type barium hexaferrite (BrM). The catalytic performance of the BrM powder was measured for its suitability in the oxidation of styrene using various oxidants, and the isolated yield of the benzaldehyde was calculated using the column chromatography separation. The as-prepared 20 mg BrM samples showed total conversion of styrene and 66% isolated yield for benzaldehyde at 120 °C for 24 h in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid as an oxidant. The effect of cerium doping on the benzaldehyde selectivity was also analyzed at optimized conditions and found that cerium-doped samples showed excellent catalytic performance. Paralleled with the pristine barium hexaferrite, the catalytic efficiency was significantly enriched and exhibited its maximum performance with B a1.8Ce0.2Co2Fe12O22 ferrite, almost 71% selectivity was achieved with the same reaction conditions. This enhanced performance was correlated with the XPS studies for x = 0.2 sample. The as-prepared catalyst was magnetically separable to reprocess. There was no remarkable loss of catalytic activity when it was reprocessed for five consecutive trials.
1 Introduction Recently, hexagonal ferrites are well recognized magnetic materials in various application fields. These ferrites can be used as economical hard magnets along with making of components for high-frequency applications. Attentiveness in Y-type nano hexaferrite has been reawakened due to their multiferroic properties. Y-type barium hexaferrite widely uses as permanent magnets, high-density magneto-optical, contact-based recording media, overcoat free, and applicable Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04234-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * P. K. Roy [email protected] 1
Department of Ceramic Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, UP 221005, India
Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
2
high-frequency devices because to their greater chemical stability, excellent mechanical hardness, wear and corrosion resistance, a
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