Nanofertilizers for sustainable fruit production: a review
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REVIEW
Nanofertilizers for sustainable fruit production: a review Sunny Sharma1 · Vishal Singh Rana1 · Ravina Pawar1 · Johnson Lakra1 · VinayKumar Racchapannavar2 Received: 27 June 2020 / Accepted: 17 October 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The demand for quality food is expected to increase with the rising population across the globe. Fruits are a major source of nutraceuticals, yet nutrient depletion in soils is altering fruit cultivation. Conventional fertilizers have raised food production after the green revolution, yet intensive agriculture has induced soil degradation and food contamination by pesticides. Conventional fertilizers are poorly efficient, and only about 20% or less of the applied fertilizer is used by the crop plant, the rest being mineralized or leached to groundwater and rivers, causing issues of cost, eutrophication and human health. Alternatively, nanofertilizers appear promising because nanoparticles display unique properties due to their physicochemical characteristics at the nanoscale. Here, we review applications of nanoparticles in fruit crops. Benefits include fruit productivity, quality and shelf life through their positive effects on anatomical, morphological, physiological, physicochemical and molecular traits. We also discuss the role of nanofertilizers in gene expression, regulation and translocation for mitigating abiotic stresses. Keywords Abiotic stress · Nanotechnology · Shelf life · Uptake and transport · Yield and quality
Introduction The global population will be around 9.1 billion by 2050 that is 34 percent greater than the existing population (FAO 2009). Ultimately, the demand for food is expected to rise with the same pace (Kumar et al. 2018). Furthermore, the degradation of arable land is a major bottleneck in crop production due to lack of resources coupled with the * Sunny Sharma [email protected]; [email protected] Vishal Singh Rana [email protected] Ravina Pawar [email protected] Johnson Lakra [email protected] VinayKumar Racchapannavar [email protected] 1
Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Himachal Pradesh 173230, India
Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Horticulture, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Himachal Pradesh, India
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urbanization. To overcome this situation, the use of fertilizers and pesticides, genetically modified crops, insect pests and disease-resistant varieties has been in great demand with the farmer communities for the last five decades (Yadav et al. 2013). In fact, fertilizers have played a pivotal role in improving the productivity of agricultural crops in general and fruits in particular. But, these chemical fertilizers when used in excess have resulted in the deterioration of food quality as well as soil health (Zamir 2001; Conley et al. 2009; Bai et al. 2020). Fruits are a good source of healthy diet, and
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