A review of microencapsulated thermochromic coatings for sustainable building applications
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REVIEW ARTICLE
A review of microencapsulated thermochromic coatings for sustainable building applications Pritish Shivanand Aklujkar, Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
American Coatings Association 2020 Abstract The review covers microencapsulation methods for encapsulating thermochromic leuco dyes, and the incorporation of these microencapsulated thermochromic dyes in smart coatings has been developed, which helps in creating sustainable buildings that use less power for heating and cooling applications. The thermochromic mechanism of leuco dye developer–solvent systems has been elaborated, and the role
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-020-00396-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. P. S. Aklujkar Department of Polymer and Surface Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019, India B. Kandasubramanian (&) Nano Surface Texturing Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune, Maharashtra 411025, India e-mail: [email protected]
of each component for the functioning of thermochromic dyes is discussed. The future scope of these dyes in applications involving smart windows and smart coatings for sustainable buildings is consolidated, and their impact on energy consumption has been studied.
J. Coat. Technol. Res.
Graphic abstract Solvent
Leuco dye rsible m Reve ochromis therm
Polymer shell
Solvent
Heating
Developer Leuco dye
Colored state
Solvent Developer
Cooling Polymer microcapsule
Leuco dye
Colorless state
Developer
Microencapsulated thermochromic pigment
Application in Sm
gs
ar
co at in
tw
r te in W
Sm
ar t
in do ws
Sum m
Keywords Thermochromic leuco dyes, Microencapsulation, Electricity demand, Sustainable buildings, Smart windows, Smart coatings
Introduction Studies conducted in 2018 indicate that the commercial building sector consumes 53% of its energy demand from electricity and would rise to 62% by 2040.1 Out of total electricity demand across the world, 54% is consumed by the building sector, and it is reported that the energy consumed by buildings around the world contributed to 122 EJ of end energy in 2010.2 Sustainable solutions are needed to limit the hazard, and steps
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are required to be taken not only to make energy amenities less detrimental for nature, but also to supply an excellent class of energy amenities to a larger population.3–26 Researchers predict that between 2010 and 2050 the increase in energy used for household applications is 80%, and in the non-residential sector, the increase is 75%27 of its current value. In the residential building, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems utilize the maximum amount of electricity, and this amount is sure to increase considering the drastic temperature changes in the upcoming future. Figure 1 shows primary energy use for each sector, and it shows that HVAC system
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