Nanopore-Based Technology
Nanopores are vital biological features, described as tiny holes in cellular membranes used for recognition and transport of ions and molecules between compartments within the cell, as well as between the extracellular environment and the cell itself. The
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IN
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY™
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651
Nanopore-Based Technology Edited by
Maria E. Gracheva Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
Editor Maria E. Gracheva Department of Physics Clarkson University Potsdam, NY, USA
ISSN 1064-3745 e-ISSN 1940-6029 ISBN 978-1-61779-772-9 e-ISBN 978-1-61779-773-6 DOI 10.1007/978-1-61779-773-6 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012933753 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Cover illustration: The cover image was designed by J.W.F. Robertson and J.J. Kasianowicz, and illustrated by J. Aarons Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface This volume is dedicated to a new and rapidly expanding field of nanopore technology for single-molecule sensing, detection, and characterization. The main aim in this area of science is to develop a nanopore-based technology that can be used for the manipulation and analysis of biological molecules. A major application of nanopores exists in sensing, leading toward the promise of ultrafast sequencing of DNA molecules with the ultimate goal of building a nanoscale device that will make rapid and cheap DNA sequencing a reality. In such a device, an external electrical field would drive molecules electrophoretically through the nanoscale pore in a membrane that acts as a molecular sensor identifying single molecules passing through it. This book is primarily oriented for biophysicists, biochemists, molecular biologists, and bioengineers who are interested in modern biomolecule characterization technologies. In living cells, tiny holes in cellular membranes—nanometer diameter pores—are used for recognition and transport of ions and molecules between compartments within the cell, as well as between the extracellular environment and the cell itself. In the recent years, there has been great interest in utilizing the power of artificial nanopores for single-molecule manipulation and characterization, the two practical applications inspired by Nature. While proteinacious pores offer biological compatibility with studied m
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