Nanostructured silica from bagasse ash: the effect of synthesis temperature and pH on its properties
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ORIGINAL PAPER: NANO-STRUCTURED MATERIALS (PARTICLES, FIBERS, COLLOIDS, COMPOSITES, ETC.)
Nanostructured silica from bagasse ash: the effect of synthesis temperature and pH on its properties Muhammad Sholeh
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Rochmadi Rochmadi1 Hary Sulistyo1 Budhijanto Budhijanto1 ●
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Received: 7 June 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Bagasse ash as one of the sugar mill wastes can create a serious environmental problem. Hence, we adopted a strategy to reduce the waste by utilizing its silica content. Nanostructured silica was synthesized from bagasse ash via sodium silicate route. The effect of synthesis temperature and pH on the morphology, primary particle size, pore size, thermal properties, and agglomerate fragility were investigated. Electron microscopy analysis revealed the fractal structure of silica with the appearance of mesopores and macropores. Higher synthesis temperature and pH resulted in greater primary particle size. Nitrogen physisorption analysis showed that the addition of secondary sodium silicate solution was able to prevent the collapse of the aggregate/agglomerate structure at the drying stage. Lower bound water content and lower average diameter of the nanostructured silica aggregate/agglomerates as determined from thermal analysis and particle size analysis, respectively, were observed with increasing temperature from 60 to 90 °C and decreasing pH from 11 to 8 during the synthesis protocol. The primary particle size of the silica was on a nanoscale and the agglomerate was easily destroyed, therefore the material had the potential to be used in applications where well-dispersed particles are key, such as in rubber compounding that utilizes silica as reinforcing filler. Graphical Abstract
* Muhammad Sholeh [email protected] 1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Center for Leather, Rubber and Plastics, Jl. Sokonandi No. 9, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology
Keywords
Bagasse ash Silica Aggregate Agglomerate Filler ●
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Highlights Nanostructured silica was synthesized from bagasse ash by sol-precipitation method. ● Nanostructured silica was characterized using SEM, TEM, BET, TGA, FTIR, and PSA. ● The effects of synthesis temperature and pH on the properties of nanostructured silica were investigated. ● The material had the potential to be used as a rubber reinforcing filler. ●
1 Introduction Bagasse ash is one of the sugar industry wastes that originates from around 1.5% of the mass of processed sugarcane. We estimate that the production of bagasse ash in Indonesia is 0.4 million tons/year. Disposal of this waste is a problem because its utilization is limited to concrete brick and landfills. On the other hand, the silica content in bagasse ash is 50–78% [1–3]. There is then a high potential of this material to be processed further into nanostructured silica th
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