Nanotechnology for Diagnostic and Sensing: Soft and Advanced Imaging/Sensing Approaches to Analyze Biomolecules
Different nanotechnological strategies have been designed to implement the production of innovative diagnostic and optical sensing devices for genomic and proteomic applications. In this chapter, we will give an overview on the novel nanobiotechnological
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Abstract Different nanotechnological strategies have been designed to implement the production of innovative diagnostic and optical sensing devices for genomic and proteomic applications. In this chapter, we will give an overview on the novel nanobiotechnological approaches recently developed, combining top-down nanostructuring and bottom-up molecular self-assembly to soft lithography, with molecular biology tools, aimed at the production of high-performance plastic chips for diagnostics and nanostructured materials to be applied in advanced sensing and imaging. Highly sensitive fluorescence imaging/sensing schemes, enabling the enhancement of sensors sensitivity and detection limits, such as Metal Enhanced Fluorescence- and Photonic Crystals-based approaches, will be discussed as novel tools for the detection of biological targets (e.g., DNA, proteins, and fibrils). Keywords Biosensing • Fluorescence • Nanotechnology
Contents 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 2 Nanoscale Fabrication of Biomolecular Layer: Soft and Advanced Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 3 Nanostructured Materials for Advanced Sensing/Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
A. Aloisi National Nanotechology Laboratory, Istituto di Nanoscienze - CNR - Lecce, Via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy R. Rinaldi (*) National Nanotechology Laboratory, Istituto di Nanoscienze - CNR - Lecce, Via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Innovazione, Universita` del Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy e-mail: [email protected] W. Fritzsche and J. Popp (eds.), Optical Nano- and Microsystems for Bioanalytics, Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors (2012) 10: 83–100 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-25498-7_3, # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012
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3.1 Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Photonic Crystals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Conclusion and Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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1 Introduction In the last 2 decades, various modes of optical detection and measurement, including absorption, reflection, fluorescence, chemiluminescence, and phosphorescence [1–5], have been exploited in the biosensoristic field. Despite considerable advances, extensive work has still to be done in order to develop and optimize a general optical detection sensing platform in terms of sign
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