Nanotube responsive materials
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Introduction Nanotube research and development is producing new industries, improving economies, and providing benefits across our society. Much of the effort is focused on carbon nanotubes (CNTs). CNTs are ostensibly simple materials, since there is no composition stoichiometry requirement in their processing, yet controlling chirality and minimizing defect density in CNTs is a significant research challenge. Alternatively, a variety of other types of nanotubes are gaining attention. These include silicon nanotubes (SiNTs) and different compound nanotubes such as silicon carbide nanotubes (SiCNTs), boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs), and magnetite nanotubes (MNTs). Each type of nanotube has special tunable properties and applications. Putting nanotubes into use requires three steps: (1) nanotube synthesis, (2) macroscale fabrication of intermediate responsive materials that have unique tunable properties, and (3) designing and manufacturing products.1,2
Responsive materials resist or respond to their environment in a useful way. Responsive materials include smart materials. The difference is that responsive materials are a larger class of materials in which the responsiveness also comes from their unique mechanical or electrical properties or nanoscale structure. In the case of smart materials, the responsiveness is usually based on traditional properties such as piezoelectric, pyroelectric, magnetostrictive, rheological, electroactive, ferromagnetic, or shape-memory properties. Responsive materials bring additional properties to the table, such as thermoelectricity, piezoimpedance, and electrochemical bond expansion. Thus in this instance, smart and responsive have a similar meaning— materials that have some sort of transduction property. An example of a nanotube responsive material is CNT yarn, which is tough and changes electrical impedance due to strain, temperature, or coming into contact with certain gases or an electrolyte such as water. The construction of CNT yarn from
Chaminda Jayasinghe, Materials Engineering Department, University of Cincinnati, OH; [email protected] Weifeng Li, School of Dynamic Systems, University of Cincinnati, OH, [email protected] Yi Song, Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of Cincinnati, OH, [email protected] Jandro L. Abot, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, [email protected] Vesselin N. Shanov, School of Energy, Environmental, Biological and Medical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, OH, [email protected] Svitlana Fialkova, Center for Advanced Materials and Smart Structures, North Carolina A&T University, Greensboro, NC, [email protected] Sergey Yarmolenko, Center for Advanced Materials and Smart Structures, North Carolina A&T University, Greensboro, NC, [email protected] Surya Sundaramurthy, University of Cincinnati, OH, [email protected] Ying Chen, Materials Engineering Department, University of Cincinnati, OH, [email protected] Wondong Cho, Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Universit
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