National scale variability in forest stand variables among regions of provenances in Spain
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RESEARCH PAPER
National scale variability in forest stand variables among regions of provenances in Spain Daniel Moreno-Fernández 1 & Isabel Cañellas 1 & Álvaro Rubio-Cuadrado 2 & Iciar Alberdi 1 Received: 9 July 2019 / Accepted: 12 March 2020 # INRAE and Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract & Key message An in-depth characterization of the forests of 10 dominant species by stand variables at national scale showed, that overall, stands growing in the southernmost regions of Spain display low regeneration. Otherwise, the relationships between stand variables and geographic location are species dependent. Similarly, the degree of inter and interregional variability varies strongly among species. & Context The regions of provenance can potentially be used as units with uniform ecological, phenotypic, and genetic traits to characterize forests. & Aims Our objective was to characterize forests through stand variables at national scale for the 10 most widespread dominant tree species in Spain (five Pinaceae and five Fagaceae species) using the regions of provenance as ecologically homogeneous areas. & Methods We used the National Forest Inventory as the dataset and multivariate analyses of variance with a bootstrapping and principal coordinates analysis for the statistical evaluation. & Results Overall, the mean diameter of adult trees was negatively related to recruitment variables, and the mean height of adult trees was negatively related to shrub coverage and number of shrub species. The statistical analyses revealed significant differences between regions of provenance for all variables. The regions of provenance where Pinus sylvestris, P. nigra, P. pinea, Quercus suber, and Q. ilex are dominant, displayed a large variability among regions. In contrast, the regions of provenance for P. halepensis, Q. pyrenaica, and Q. faginea displayed a small low inter-regional variability. & Conclusion Forest management as well as climate conditions shaped deeply forests, which lead to differences on stand variables among provenances by species. Stands growing on the southernmost locations, overall, are more prone to the forecasted climate change due to the low rates of regeneration. Keywords Forest resources . Sustainable management . Reproductive material . Monitoring . MANOVA
Handling Editor: Tuula Packalen & Klemens Schadauer Contributions of the co-authors DM-F: running the statistical analyses, writing the manuscript. IC: idea conception, writing the manuscript. AR-C: support with the statistical analyses, writing the manuscript IA: idea conception, writing the manuscript, support with the NFI dataset. All authors read and approved the final manuscript This article is part of the topical collection on Forest information for bioeconomy outlooks at European level * Daniel Moreno-Fernández [email protected] Isabel Cañellas [email protected] Álvaro Rubio-Cuadrado [email protected]
Iciar Alberdi [email protected] 1
INIA-CIFOR, Ctra La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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