Native berries of Chile: a comprehensive review on nutritional aspects, functional properties, and potential health bene
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REVIEW PAPER
Native berries of Chile: a comprehensive review on nutritional aspects, functional properties, and potential health benefits Jéssica López1 · Carlos Vera2 · Rubén Bustos3 · Jennyfer Florez‑Mendez4 Received: 18 June 2020 / Accepted: 12 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In recent years, the use of native berries has increased, since the presence of elevated levels of bioactive compounds and, consequently compounds that provide beneficial effects for human health has been shown. This study reviews the nutritional aspects, phytochemical composition, and biological activities of native berries of Chile, specifically Ugni molinae, Berberis microphylla, Fragaria chiloensis, Aristotelia chilensis, and Ribes spp. These species are rich in bioactive compound with several health promoting effects. The most significant health benefits have been attributed to phenolic compounds, specifically anthocyanins, which have potential protective roles against cancer and cardiovascular diseases. This paper discusses the biological activity of those compounds, in particular their antioxidant properties, the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of phenolic compounds and their health-promoting properties to emphasize the importance of native berries from Chile in healthy diets. Keywords Chilean berries · Anthocyanins · Bioactivity · Phenolic compounds · Antioxidant activity
Introduction The wide variety of fruits we know is derived from the biodiversity of plant species that exist in nature. In the southerncentral Chile there are different ecosystems which have a high concentration of endemic specie [1]. Here it is possible to find new food and food-derived resources with interesting compounds in the poorly explored flora [2]. Chile presents a rich biodiversity of berry fruits, some of them with an important economic activity in their production. For example, the Chilean blueberry industry has risen * Jennyfer Florez‑Mendez [email protected] 1
Escuela de Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Waddington 716, Playa Ancha, 2360100 Valparaíso, Chile
2
Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química Y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile. Av. Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins, 3363. Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
3
Departamento de Ingeniería Química. Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile. Av. Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins, 3363. Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
4
CEUS Centro de Estudios CEUS Llanquihue, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Llanquihue, Chile
globally, becoming the world’s largest exporter [3]. However, the agriculture of native berry fruits in this area has been less developed and there is little scientific information about their nutritional properties and their potential effects on human health. In Chile, native berry fruits are produced by several vascular plants of the Grossulariaceae, Ericaceae, Rosaceae, Myrtaceae, Berberidaceae, and other families [4] mainly distributed from
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