Native valve Staphylococcus capitis infective endocarditis: a mini review
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REVIEW
Native valve Staphylococcus capitis infective endocarditis: a mini review Hussam Eddin Talhat Al Hennawi1 · Elham Mohammed Mahdi2 · Ziad A. Memish3,4,5 Received: 7 March 2019 / Accepted: 26 April 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Purpose Even though prosthetic valve endocarditis due to coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) is widely documented and attracts global attention, native valve endocarditis due to CoNS has been also described lately and may warrant closer attention due to the relative increased incidence. Methods We describe a 35-year-old male patient who is a former resident of a long-term health-care facility with multiple co-morbidities, diagnosed with native aortic valve S. capitis endocarditis and underwent conservative antimicrobial treatment with full recovery and no recurrence after 6 months’ follow-up. In addition, we reviewed the English literature on all reported cases of S. capitis endocarditis. Results Infective endocarditis due to S. capitis has thus far been described in 13 patients. All but three had involved native valves with two infected prosthetic valves and a single case of infection in an implanted transvenous pacemaker. Although the number of cases of endocarditis due to S. capitis is small, early removal of either a prosthetic valve or infected pacemaker would appear prudent, while native valve endocarditis could successfully be treated with appropriate antimicrobials alone. Conclusions Staphylococcus capitis is classified as coagulase-negative staphylococci with the inherent ability to cause debilitating native valve endocarditis and is usually managed conservatively. Keywords Saudi Arabia · Native valve endocarditis · Coagulase-negative staphylococcus
Introduction Infective endocarditis (IE) continues to be a disease with high morbidity and mortality, with reported in-hospital mortality of 15–30%. In 25–30% of cases, medical treatment * Ziad A. Memish [email protected] 1
Department of Medicine, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
2
Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
3
College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
4
Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine and Department of Research, Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 54146, Riyadh 11514, Saudi Arabia
5
Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
alone is inadequate and must be combined with surgery, which aims to control infection. Mortality rates have been reported to range between 10%, for elective patients, and up to 30% in emergency surgery [1]. Detailed information on IE prevalence, epidemiology, etiologic agents and outcome from Saudi Arabia is lacking with only few reports of single hospital data reviews [2–4]. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), mainly Staphylococcus epidermidi
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