Natural Resource Management: Ecological Perspectives

This book is an outcome of the keynote/lead papers presented by the experts from different disciplines in the Indian Ecological Society International Conference 2016 on “Natural Resource Management: Ecological Perspectives”, organized at the Sher-e-Kashmi

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Rajinder Peshin Ashok K. Dhawan Editors

Natural Resource Management: Ecological Perspectives

Sustainability in Plant and Crop Protection Series Editor Aurelio Ciancio, Sezione di Bari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante, Bari, Italy

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13031

Rajinder Peshin  •  Ashok K. Dhawan Editors

Natural Resource Management: Ecological Perspectives

Editors Rajinder Peshin Division of Agricultural Extension Education, Faculty of Agriculture Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu Chatha Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Ashok K.Dhawan The Indian Ecological Society Ludhiana, Punjab, India

ISSN 2567-9805     ISSN 2567-9821 (electronic) Sustainability in Plant and Crop Protection ISBN 978-3-319-99767-4    ISBN 978-3-319-99768-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99768-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2019931545 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

This book is dedicated to the 608 delegates who attended and presented their work in the Indian Ecological Society International Conference 2016.

Preface

Modern input-intensive agriculture has increased the productivity of food and fibre crops, ensured food security for the 7.6 billion world population and provided food at affordable prices. The benefits of agricultural modernization overweigh the harms if we apply the consequential approach of utilitarian theory. However, modern ­agriculture has also led to certain undesired consequences, namely depletion of groundwater, soil erosion, pesticide resistance in pests, emergence of new insect pest and dis