Naturally mindful? The role of mindfulness facets in the relationship between nature relatedness and subjective well-bei
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Naturally mindful? The role of mindfulness facets in the relationship between nature relatedness and subjective well-being Isabel Sadowski 1
&
Naz Böke 1 & Jessica Mettler 1 & Nancy Heath 1 & Bassam Khoury 1
Accepted: 9 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Nature relatedness refers to the cognitive-affective relationship with natural environments. Mindfulness is described as nonjudgmental attention to the present moment and is a multi-dimensional construct consisting of interacting facets. This study aimed to clarify the mechanisms through which nature relatedness and mindfulness contribute to subjective well-being. Participants were 250 university students (Mage = 20.67, SD = 1.99, 82.4% female) who completed measures of nature relatedness, the five facets of mindfulness, positive and negative affect and life satisfaction. Mediation analyses revealed that of the five facets of mindfulness, only Non-Reactivity and Observing partially mediated the positive relationship between nature relatedness and positive affect, and fully mediated the positive relationship between nature relatedness and life satisfaction. Only NonReactivity was found to fully mediate the negative relationship between nature relatedness and negative affect. Findings suggest that when creating nature-based mindfulness interventions, it may be clinically useful develop skills that target mindfulness through Non-Reactivity and Observing. Keywords Nature relatedness . Mindfulness . Well-being . Emerging adulthood
Introduction Emerging adults in university settings are reporting high levels of anxiety and depression symptoms (Ibrahim et al. 2013). Thus, there is a need to improve understanding of the psychological factors that contribute to mental health and well-being in university students during this developmental period. Nature relatedness, described as the affective, cognitive, and experiential connection people have with the natural environment (Nisbet et al. 2009), may have the potential to improve well-being in this population (e.g., Capaldi et al. 2014). Mindfulness is another psychological factor consistently linked with well-being, across the life span (e.g., Brown and Ryan 2003; Hanley et al. 2015; Keng et al. 2011). Mounting evidence suggests that mindfulness may meaningfully strengthen the relationship between nature relatedness and well-being (Howell et al. 2011; Unsworth et al. 2016).
* Isabel Sadowski [email protected] 1
Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 McTavish Street, RM 614, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1Y2, Canada
Given the need to further understand which psychological factors play protective roles in university students at risk for experiencing mental health challenges, the present study investigated the associations between nature relatedness, elements of subjective well-being, and the five facets of mindfulness in emerging adult university students. In particular, the potential explanatory roles of mindfulness face
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