The Relationship between Trait Mindfulness and Emotional Reactivity Following Mood Manipulation
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ORIGINAL PAPER
The Relationship between Trait Mindfulness and Emotional Reactivity Following Mood Manipulation Lyndahl Himes 1 Bart Rypma 1,3
&
Nicholas A. Hubbard 2 & Gayathri Batchalli Maruthy 1 & Judith Gallagher 1 & Monroe P. Turner 1 &
Accepted: 18 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Objectives Trait mindfulness can be used to refer to one’s predisposition toward present-moment attention and awareness in everyday life. Increases in trait mindfulness are thought to result from states of heightened mindfulness achieved during practice over time. A significant amount of research has examined the effects of mindfulness practice on psychological well-being, including improved emotion regulation. However, it is not well understood whether this improved emotion regulation is associated with an increase or decrease in emotional reactivity when facing a negatively valenced stressor. Methods We conducted two studies (N = 88; N = 95, and N = 65) to assess the relationship between trait mindfulness (assessed using the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire) and emotional reactivity to an induced stressor in the laboratory. Results In study 1, individuals with higher levels of Acting with Awareness exhibited less negatively valenced emotional reactivity in response to the induced stressor. In study 2, individuals with higher levels of overall trait mindfulness represented by acting with awareness, non-reactivity, and non-judgment exhibited less negatively valenced emotional reactivity in response to the induced stressor. Conclusions Results from both studies suggest that certain qualities of mindfulness may provide individuals with the ability to notice and engage with stress-induced emotions in an adaptive way, resulting in reduced negatively valenced emotions. Keywords Trait mindfulness . Psychological well-being . Negatively valenced emotions
Mindfulness refers to the quality of actively and nonjudgmentally centering one’s attention on present-moment physical and mental states with an orientation toward curiosity and acceptance of objects, thoughts, and sensations in awareness (Kabat-Zinn 1994). Mindfulness meditation practices have been increasingly utilized in interventions aimed at improving affective and cognitive well-being by eliciting the quality of mindfulness in both healthy and clinical populations
* Lyndahl Himes [email protected] 1
School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Brain Health, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
2
Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
3
Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
(see Goldberg et al. 2018). The term “mindfulness” includes many similar, but distinct, constructs such as awareness, concentration, and observation. The use of the term “mindfulness” has varied considerably in literature but is consistently measured as a multifaceted construct that can be conc
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