NDRG2 is expressed on enteric glia and altered in conditions of inflammation and oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenatio
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ORIGINAL PAPER
NDRG2 is expressed on enteric glia and altered in conditions of inflammation and oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation Yuxin Zhang1 · Hui Gao1 · Na Li1 · Haiqing Chang1 · Bo Cheng1 · Yansong Li1 · Jiwen Miao1 · Shuang Li1 · Qiang Wang1 Received: 18 September 2020 / Accepted: 11 November 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Enteric glial cells are more abundant than neurons in the enteric nervous system. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that enteric glial cells share many properties with astrocytes and play pivotal roles in intestinal diseases. NDRG2 is specifically expressed in astrocytes and is involved in various diseases in the central nervous system. However, no studies have demonstrated the expression of NDRG2 in enteric glial cells. We performed immunostaining of adult mouse tissue, human colon sections, and primary enteric glial cells and the results showed that NDRG2 was widely expressed in enteric glial cells. Meanwhile, our results showed that NDRG2 was upregulated after treatment with pro-inflammatory cytokines and exposure to oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation, indicating that NDRG2 might be involved in these conditions. Moreover, we determined that NDRG2 translocated to the nucleus after treatment with pro-inflammatory cytokines but not after exposure to oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation. This study is the first to show the expression and distribution of NDRG2 in the enteric glia. Our results indicate that NDRG2 might be involved in the pathogenesis of enteric inflammation and ischemia/ reperfusion injury. This study shows that NDRG2 might be a molecular target for enteric nervous system diseases. Keywords NDRG2 · Enteric glia · Oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation · Inflammation
Introduction The enteric nervous system (ENS) consists of enteric glial cells (EGC) and neurons, that are predominantly located in the myenteric (MP) and submucosal plexus (SMP) (Boesmans et al. 2015; Rao et al. 2015). Enteric neurons innervate distinct types of enteric cells to perform unique functions (motility, secretion, and barrier functions) (Brown et al. 2016; Cirillo et al. 2009; McClain et al. 2014; Spencer and Hu 2020). EGC are widely distributed throughout the intestine along the serosa-to-lumen axis (Gulbransen and Sharkey Yuxin Zhang and Hui Gao contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10735-020-09927-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Qiang Wang [email protected] 1
Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi, China
2012). Previous research described 4 types of EGC in the intestine (Boesmans et al. 2015; Rao et al. 2015). Type I EGC are localized in intra-ganglia and wrap around neuronal bodies. Type II EGC exist at the edge of inter-ganglia and run along interganglionic nerve fibers. Type III EGC is located in the mucosa and plex
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