Neoadjuvant Therapy
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N-Acetyltransferase Definition
Definition
N-Acetyltransferase is an acetyl-CoA requiring enzyme which catalyses the acetylation of xenobiotics that are aromatic amines or contain a hydrazine group. It participates in the ! detoxification of a plethora of hydrazine arylamine drugs and is also able to bioactivate several known carcinogens.
Naevus (US: nevus) or mole is a benign neoplasm of pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) in the skin; ! melanoma; ! mole; ! basal cell nevus syndrome.
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
References 1. Vatsis KP, Weber WW, Bell DA, Dupret JM, Evans DA, et al. (1995) Nomenclature for NAcetyltransferases. Pharmacogenetics 5: 1-17
NAD(P)H-quinone Oxidoreductase Definition NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase, also called quinone reductase or DT-diaphorase, is a flavoprotein that catalyses the two-electron reduction of quinones to hydroquinones.
Naevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome Definition ! Basal cell nevus syndrome.
Pier Paolo Claudio, Antonio Giordano Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA [email protected]; [email protected]
Synonyms lymphoepithelioma Rigaud and Schmincke types of lymphoepithelioma * transitional carcinoma The term lymphoepithelioma is misleading and should not be used because this tumor derives entirely from epithelial origin. The benign lymphoid component is secondarily associated. * *
Definition Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial cancer that has a worldwide distribution. It is endemic in southeast China, particularly in the Cantonese population of the Guangzhou area (up to 80 cases per 100,000 people per year). An intermediate incidence is found in other parts of Southern Asia, North Africa and among Eskimos in Alaska and Greenland
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Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
(8 to 12 cases per 100,000 people per year). The incidence of NPC is extremely low in the rest of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has proposed a classification of NPC based on the degree of differentiation: *
*
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WHO type 3: nonkeratinizing undifferentiated carcinoma (UNCT).
Characteristics NPC is a variant of squamous cell carcinoma that has been serologically linked to the presence of ! Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) since 1966. EBV is a member of the human herpesvirus family and is the etiologic agent of infectious mononucleosis (Fig.). EBV consistently associ-
WHO type 1: keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) WHO type 2: nonkeratinizing epidermoid carcinoma
EBV
pharyngeal epithelium kissing shedding of EBV
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
target cell infection
B - cell infection T - cell
encephalitis polyclonal activation
lymphadenopathy rash
T-cell activation
hepatitis splenomegaly B - cells
killing atypical lymphocytes infectious mononucleosis
African burkitt lymphoma
suppression polyclonal Ig
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Fig. ± Role of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in infectious mononucleosis, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and Burkitt lymphoma. EBV first invades and replicates within the salivary glands and the pharyngeal epithelium, and is shed int
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