Neosporosis among Egyptian camels and its associated risk factors
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Neosporosis among Egyptian camels and its associated risk factors Abdelfattah Selim 1
&
Abdelhamed Abdelhady 2
Received: 20 June 2020 / Accepted: 7 September 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Neospora caninum is an obligate intercellular protozoan parasite and considered one of the abortive pathogens in a wide range of ruminants. The present study aimed to investigate the antibodies against N. caninum in camels from three governorates in Egypt to understand the epidemiology of neosporosis and its associated abortion. The study was carried out on 282 camels using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The obtained results confirmed the presence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in 31 out of 282 camels. Moreover, no significant difference in seroprevalence was observed between different localities under the study and between males and females. On contrary, the number of seropositive camels was increased significantly in adult camels of 8–11 years old (OR = 9.1, 95% CI: 1.1–73.1), during the autumn (OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 0.79–7.1) and mainly in females with history of abortion (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.2–6.5) or in camels raised with dogs (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.1–7.08). The presence of antibodies against N. caninum in camels from Egypt increases the demand for further studies to determine its epidemiological role as a cause of abortion and reduce its economic impacts on camel’s industry. Keywords Neospora caninum . ELISA . Risk factors . Camel
Introduction Camel (Camelus dromedarius) is called the ship of the desert as it is uniquely adapted to hot and arid environments and has an economic importance in Egypt as it could be used as a source of meat and milk, vehicle for transport, racing, and tourist rides as the image of the camel is tied to the history of the great Egyptian civilization. Fattening camel calves in Egypt by applying the intensive feeding system could solve the problem of red meat shortage. Additionally, its meat is rich of protein and iron, low of fat and cholesterol, and a healthy option because of its medical properties (El-Badawi 2018). Neospora caninum, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, is one of them (Hilali et al. 1998). It was identified in 1984 in litter of dogs in Norway (Bjerkǻs et al. 1984). Today, neosporosis is recognized all over the world and the infection was detected naturally in domestic ruminants as intermediate
* Abdelfattah Selim [email protected] 1
Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt
2
Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
hosts like cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, and camel (Amdouni et al. 2018). Dogs are the final host N. caninum and neosporosis is mainly transmitted horizontally to intermediate hosts via ingestion of contaminated food with sporulated oocyst (Machado et al. 2011). Also, the infection could be transmitted vertically from the mother to the fetus throug
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