Neotropical Mangrove Communities: A Review
Mangrove communities (“mangal,” sensu Tomlinson, P. B. The botany of mangroves. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1986) are ecosystems that develop in salt marshes, on fluvial mudflats, and along tropical coasts in several parts of the world. Pla
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Contents 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Material and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 Study Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Characteristics of American Mangrove Phytocoenoses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Review of American Mangrove Phytocoenoses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 First Mangrove Studies (1936–1983) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Mangrove Studies toward the End of the Twentieth Century (1991–1996) . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Mangrove Phytocoenoses Described in the Twenty-First Century (2003–2017) . . . . . 4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix I. Syntaxonomic scheme of the Communities Mentioned in the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Class Rhizophoretea mangle O. Bolòs, Cervi, and Hatschbach 1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Class Coccolobetea uviferae Del Risco and Borhidi in Borhidi 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Class Sesuvio-Rachicallietea Borhidi in Borhidi, Muñiz, and Del Risco (1979) 1983 . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Abstract
Mangrove communities (“mangal,” sensu Tomlinson, P. B. The botany of mangroves. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1986) are ecosystems that develop in salt marshes, on fluvial mudflats, and along tropical coasts in several parts of the world. Plants that constitute these communities are well adapted to saline conditions and tolerate tidal ranges, two factors that largely determine their floristic composition. In this chapter we focus exclusively on American mangrove communities and analyze in detail all the phytocoenoses described using phytosociological methodologies. Only a few plant species are characteristic of American mangrove communities; nonetheless, up to 33 mangrove plant associations A. García-Fuentes (*) · J. A. Torres-Cordero · L. Ruiz-Valenzuela · C. Salazar-Mendías Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Andalusia, Spain e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 20
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