Extraction of mangrove forest through Landsat 8 Mangrove Index (L8MI)
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Extraction of mangrove forest through Landsat 8 Mangrove Index (L8MI) Ahmed Ali 1 & Zeeshan Alam Nayyar 1 Received: 13 May 2019 / Accepted: 15 October 2020 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2020
Abstract A research study is conducted to develop remote sensing index(s) for mapping mangrove forest on regional scale using Landsat 8 dataset and to compare with the available vegetation indices. The study proposes a new forest indexing technique, i.e., Landsat 8 Mangrove Index (L8MI), with its two variants, namely L8MI_1 and L8MI_2, that are used to enhance the separability of mangrove forest from other vegetation lands by utilizing the Advanced Slope-based Indexing Technique (ASIT) and performing the classification of mangrove forest with the help of Otsu’s thresholding method. Furthermore, modification in available Normalized Difference Mangrove Index (NDMI) has been proposed by combining it with Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI). In this research study, a comparative analysis is performed between six vegetation indices and three proposed mangrove indices in order to explore the potential of mangrove forest mapping technique along the coastal region of Karachi, Pakistan. To evaluate the accuracy of proposed mangrove indices, 2000 reference points are selected to determine producer’s accuracy (PA), user’s accuracy (UA), overall accuracy (OA), and kappa coefficient (K). The comparative analysis shows an overall accuracy of greater than 95% with kappa coefficient greater than 0.85, which is greater classification accuracy than available vegetation indices compared in this study. Keywords Mangrove Forest Index . Otsu’s thresholding . L8MI . Landsat 8 . Pakistan
Introduction Mangrove forests are generally distributed along the coastline where saline soil and brackish water are present and experience the repeated inundation of sea water. These forests are the source of important ecological functions, including nutrient cycling, fisheries production, wood production, ecotourism, and carbon storage (Murdiyarso et al. 2015). Furthermore, Donato et al. (2011) reported that mangroves are among the most carbon-rich tropical forest containing an average of 1028 Mg of carbon per hectare. However,
Responsible Editor: Biswajeet Pradhan Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-06138-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Zeeshan Alam Nayyar [email protected] 1
Renewable Energy Research Group, Department of Applied Physics, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
mangroves are among the world’s most endangered tropical ecosystem having an areal reduction of about 30 to 50% over the past 50 years due to over harvesting, aquaculture expansion, and coastal development (Duke et al. 2007; Polidoro et al. 2010; Alongi 2002). Deforestation has shown a great impact on global climate change in terms of greenhouse gas emission. Donato et al. (2011) reported that deforestation and conservation of mangrove forest gl
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