Neural mechanisms of social learning and decision-making
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-020-1833-8
•REVIEW•
Neural mechanisms of social learning and decision-making *
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Yinmei Ni & Jian Li
School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Received August 1, 2020; accepted October 9, 2020; published online November 23, 2020
One of the hallmarks of human society is the ubiquitous interactions among individuals. Indeed, a significant portion of human daily routine decision making is socially related. Normative economic theory, namely game theory, has prescribed the canonical decision strategy when “rational” social agents have full information about the decision environment. In reality, however, social decision is often influenced by the trait and state parameters of selves and others. Therefore, understanding the cognitive and neural processes of inferring the decision parameters is pivotal for social decision making. Recently, both correlational and causal non-invasive neuroimaging studies have started to reveal the critical neural computations underlying social learning and decision-making, and highlighted the unique roles of “social” brain structures such as temporal-parietal junction (TPJ) and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). Here we review recent advances in social decision neuroscience and maintain the focus on how the inference about others is dynamically acquired during social learning, as well as how the prosocial (altruistic) behavior results from orchestrated interactions of different brain regions specified under the social utility framework. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of combining computational decision theory with the identification of neural mechanisms that represent, evaluate and integrate value related social information and generate decision variables guiding behavioral output in the complex social environment. social cognition, decision-making, reinforcement learning, value, altruism Citation:
Ni, Y., and Li, J. (2020). Neural mechanisms of social learning and decision-making. Sci China Life Sci 63, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-0201833-8
Introduction Correct mental representation of others is a prerequisite for successful social interaction, either competitive or cooperative. Standard economic theory has long prescribed the optimal strategy by assuming participants to have full information of their counterparts and act with complete rationality, both of which have been shown untenable in realistic social exchanges (Camerer, 2003; Fehr and Camerer, 2007; Glimcher and Rustichini, 2004). Strategic reasoning about inferring others’ intentions, their beliefs about our intentions and so on, therefore, has been extensively
*Corresponding authors (Yinmei Ni, email: [email protected]; Jian Li, email: li. [email protected])
studied under the framework of bounded rationality (Camerer et al., 2004; Coricelli and Nagel, 2009; Kahneman, 2003; Yoshida et al., 2010). Another influential framework, namely value-based decision-making, has also b
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