Neurotransmission dysfunction by mixture of pesticides and preventive effects of quercetin on brain, hippocampus and str
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Neurotransmission dysfunction by mixture of pesticides and preventive effects of quercetin on brain, hippocampus and striatum in rats Salim Gasmi1 Accepted: 16 December 2019 © Korean Society of Environmental Risk Assessment and Health Science 2020
Abstract Background Epidemiological and toxicological studies in pesticide mixtures show that most neurodegenerative diseases are associated with chronic exposure to pesticides. Methods In this study, we were interested in the evaluation of the neurotoxicity of two pesticides: deltamethrin, a pyrethroid, at a dose of 0.32 mg/kg/day; and acetamiprid, a neonicotinoid, at a dose of 3.14 mg/kg/day, administered chronically orally for 90 days on an animal model, the Wistar rats, as well as the evaluation of the preventive effect of quercetin against this toxicity. The fundamental principle of this experiment is the evaluation of total and regional cerebral neurotransmission (hippocampus and striatum) in control rats and pesticide-treated rats. Results The analysis of the results of this study shows a very clear perturbation of neurotransmitter levels either regionally or totally in rats exposed to pesticides. On the other hand, the use of quercetin at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day modifies and improves the harmful effects of treatment with both insecticides (AC and DM). Conclusion These results demonstrated that quercetin corrects the neurotoxicity caused by the mixture of deltamethrin and acetamiprid. Keywords Neurotoxicity · Deltamethrin · Acetamiprid · Oxidative stress · Rats
Introduction After 1970, three main families of pesticides dominated the market: organophosphates, organochlorines and carbamates [1]. Nevertheless, pest resistance limited their use which prompted manufacturers to turn to the chemical synthesis of new groups of pesticides that would be more effective and less toxic to the environment and mammals. This passage gave rise to a new range of pyrethroids and neonicotinoids with high pesticidal efficacy and low toxicity to the environment [2, 3]. Pyrethroids are the synthetic analogs of pyrethrins, which are natural substances present in plant flowers [4]. One of these pyrethroids is deltamethrin (DM), which is a highly lipophilic compound used as an insecticide whose sodium channels are the main targets [5]. We * Salim Gasmi [email protected]; Salim.gasmi@univ‑tebessa.dz 1
Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Larbi Tebessi, Tebessa, Algeria
also note the arrival of a new member of the generation of insecticides belonging to the neonicotinoid family in this case acetamiprid (AC) [6, 7]. In fact, this neonicotinoid is considered to have excellent insect activity capable of causing agonist effects by binding to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (RnAch), resulting in excitation, abnormal paralysis and death of harmful organisms [8, 9]. In Algeria, both types of insecticides are widely used with lower precautions in both agriculture and domestic use, which increases their long-term toxic risks even if they a
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