Neutron star mergers and how to study them
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Neutron star mergers and how to study them Eric Burns1 Received: 5 January 2020 / Accepted: 12 October 2020 The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Neutron star mergers are the canonical multimessenger events: they have been observed through photons for half a century, gravitational waves since 2017, and are likely to be sources of neutrinos and cosmic rays. Studies of these events enable unique insights into astrophysics, particles in the ultrarelativistic regime, the heavy element enrichment history through cosmic time, cosmology, dense matter, and fundamental physics. Uncovering this science requires vast observational resources, unparalleled coordination, and advancements in theory and simulation, which are constrained by our current understanding of nuclear, atomic, and astroparticle physics. This review begins with a summary of our current knowledge of these events, the expected observational signatures, and estimated detection rates for the next decade. I then present the key observations necessary to advance our understanding of these sources, followed by the broad science this enables. I close with a discussion on the necessary future capabilities to fully utilize these enigmatic sources to understand our universe. Keywords Gravitational waves Neutron stars Black holes Nucleosynthesis Cosmology Equation of state
Abbreviations BAO Baryon acoustic oscillation BAT Burst Alert Telescope BATSE Burst and Transient Source Experiment BBN Big Bang Nucleosynthesis BH Black Hole BBH Binary Black Hole BNS Binary Neutron Star CBC Compact Binary Coalescence & Eric Burns [email protected] 1
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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CMB CCSNe CGRO CTA CO CR EM FAR FoV EOS GBM GCN GR GRB GW HAWC HMNS IACT INTEGRAL IPN IR ISCO ISM JWST KAGRA KNR LAT LEO LGRB LIGO LIV LSST LVC LISA NIR MAGIC MCMC MW NS NSBH PPN PTA QCD QFT QG
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Cosmic Microwave Background Core-Collapse Supernova explosion Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory Cherenkov Telescope Array Compact Object Cosmic Ray Electromagnetic False Alarm Rate Field of View Equation of State Gamma-ray Burst Monitor Gamma-ray Coordinates Network General Relativity Gamma-ray burst Gravitational wave High-Altitude Water Cherenkov HyperMassive Neutron Star Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope INTErnational Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory Interplanetary Network Infrared Innermost Stable Circular Orbit Interstellar medium James Webb Space Telescope Kamioka Gravitational Wave Detector Kilonova remnant Large Area Telescope Low Earth Orbit Long Gamma-Ray Burst Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory Lorentz Invariance Violation Large Synoptic Survey Telescope The LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration Laser Interferometer Space Antenna Near infrared Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov Telescopes Markov Chain Monte Carlo Milky Way Neutron Star Neutron Star–Black Hole Parametrized Post-Newtonian Pulsar Timing Arrays Quantum Chromodynamics Quantum Field Theory Qu
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