Neutron Stars, Black Holes and Binary X-Ray Sources

This book contains a set of articles based on a session of the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science held in San Francisco in February, 1974. The reason for the meeting arose from the need to communicate to the largest

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ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY A SERIES OF BOOKS ON THE RECENT DEVELOPMENTS OF SPACE SCIENCE AND OF GENERAL GEOPHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS PUBLISHED IN CONNECTION WITH THE JOURNAL SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS

Editorial Board J. E.

BLAMONT,

R. L. F. L.

GOLDBERG,

Laboratoire d'Aeronomie, Verrieres, France

BOYD,

University College, London, England

Kilt Peak National Observatory, Tucson, Ariz., U.S.A.

C. DE JAGER, University of Utrecht, Holland

Z.

G. H.

LUDWIG,

KOPAL ,

University of Manchester, Manchester, England

NOAA, National Environmental Satellite Service, Suitland, Md., U.S.A.

R. L fIST, Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik, Garching-Munchen, Germany B. M. MCCOR MAC,

Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory, Palo Alto, Cali/., U.S.A.

H. E. L. I.

Z.

SEDOV,

SVESTKA,

NEWELL; N~SA, W~shington,

D.C., U.S.A.

Academy of Sciences of th'e U.S.s.R'" Moscow, U.S.S.R,

American Science and Engineering, Cambridge, Mass., U,S.A.

Secretary of the Editorial Board W.

DE GRAAFF,

Sterrewacht 'Sonnenborgh', University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Holland

VOLUME 48

NEUTRON STARS, BLACK HOLES AND BINARY X-RAY SOURCES Edited by

HERBERT GURSKY Center for Astrophysics, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory/Harvard College Observatory, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.

and

REMO RUFFINI Joseph Henry Laboratories, Princeton University, Princeton, N.J., U.S.A.

D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY DORDRECHT-HOLLAND

I BOSTON-U.S.A.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Neutron stars, black holes, and binary X-ray sources. (Astrophysics and space science library; v. 48) 'Articles based on a session of the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, held in San Francisco in February 1974.' Includes bibliographical references. 1. Neutron stars-Congresses. 2. Black holes (Astronomy) - Congresses. 3. X-ray astronomy - Congresses. 1. Gursky, Herbert. II. Ruffini, Remo. III. American Association for the Advancement of Science. IV. Series. 523 75-15716 QB843.N4N48 ISBN 978-90-277-0542-6 DOl 10.1007/978-94-010-1767-1

ISBN 978-94-010-1767-1 (eBook)

Published by D. Reidel Publishing Company, P.O. Box 17, Dordrecht, Holland Sold and distributed in the U.S.A., Canada and Mexico by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Inc. 306 Dartmouth Street, Boston, Mass. 02116, U.S.A.

All Rights Reserved Copyright © 1975 by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any informational storage and retrieval system, without permission from the copyright owner by D. Reidel, Dordrecht Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 1975

T ABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE

~

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

XI

HERBERT GURSKY

and

REMO RUFFINI

I Introduction

1

1. Early History 2. The Basic Theoretical Works on Gravitational Collapse 3. The Discovery of Neutron Stars and Black Holes

2 4 6

I Supernovae

13

Introduction Energetics