New Aspects of Biodistribution of Perfluorocarbon Emulsions in Rats: Thymus Imaging
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Applied Magnetic Resonance
ORIGINAL PAPER
New Aspects of Biodistribution of Perfluorocarbon Emulsions in Rats: Thymus Imaging Olga S. Pavlova1 · Mikhail V. Gulyaev2 · Nikolay V. Anisimov2 · Denis N. Silachev3 · Lev L. Gervits4 · Yury A. Pirogov1 Received: 8 June 2020 / Revised: 24 July 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract MRI on fluorine-19 is an effective tool for imaging and monitoring phagocytic cells (macrophages, stem cells, etc.) This method is based on the visualization of perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsions, which nanoparticles undergo endocytosis by macrophages in an organism. The liver and spleen are main places of emulsion accumulation, but not the only ones. The purpose of our study was to identify organs (besides the liver and spleen) that can accumulate PFC emulsions sufficiently for 19 F MRI. We studied the biodistribution of PFC emulsion in rats after two different methods of its introduction into an organism (intravenously and intraperitoneally). It was shown that PFC emulsions are accumulated by the thymus and the nearest lymph nodes in the sufficient amount (around 2% of the total intraperitoneally injected dose) to be visualized. It turned out that PFC emulsion is accumulated more in thymus after intraperitoneal injection in comparison with intravenous injection. This is due to the differences in the capture of emulsion by macrophages when it is initially injected into the bloodstream or the abdomen.
1 Introduction The conventional MRI method (on hydrogen nuclei) is an effective tool in medical diagnostics and pre-clinical studies. Recently, multinuclear applications in MRI have become increasingly popular, these studies carry out on such nuclei as fluorine,
* Yury A. Pirogov [email protected] 1
Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
2
Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
3
Belozersky Institute of Physico‑Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
4
Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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sodium, deuterium, etc. The method of MRI on fluorine nuclei has already proved itself as an effective tool for cellular imaging—visualization of stem cells [1, 2], inflammation imaging [3, 4]. This method is based on the visualization of fluorinecontaining compounds after its introduction into an organism. These compounds are usually perfluorocarbons (PFCs), since they are non-toxic and non-metabolized. PFCs are poorly soluble in water, so they must be emulsified with the nanodroplet size of about 200 nm to be stable [5]. The particles with a diameter of more than 10 nm are recognized by our immune system as aliens that must be removed from the body by phagocytosis [6]. Thus, PFC emulsions, as well as any emulsions with a diameter of nanodroplets of more than 10 nm, will be taken by the reticuloendothelial system, mostly, tissue macrophages. Thus, it is possib
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