Rosmarinic acid: new aspects
- PDF / 1,626,756 Bytes
- 21 Pages / 547.087 x 737.008 pts Page_size
- 21 Downloads / 223 Views
Rosmarinic acid: new aspects Maike Petersen
Received: 9 January 2013 / Accepted: 11 March 2013 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
Abstract Rosmarinic acid (RA) is an ester of caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid which is one of the most frequently occurring caffeic acid esters in the plant kingdom besides chlorogenic acid. RA has numerous biological and pharmacological activities. Its occurrence is spread all over the land plant kingdom. Enzymes and genes of its biosynthesis are well investigated. RA can be produced in high amounts in in vitro cultivated plant cells which offers the possibility of an economical exploitation. The Exactly 25 years ago I made my first acquaintance with a molecule named rosmarinic acid occurring in medicinal plants of the families Lamiaceae and Boraginaceae. At that time I did not expect that such a rather plain molecule with a rather restricted occurrence would accompany me through the rest of my research carrier. At this occasion, I want to thank all diploma and doctoral students, technical staff members and collaborators in other laboratories listed below as well as numerous students in lab courses for their engagement in rosmarinic acid research—and of course Prof. Dr. August Wilhelm Alfermann who directed my interest to rosmarinic acid and helped me in every possible way. Many thanks to Anja Berger, Anke Kunzendorf, Anne Thelen (Passmann), Anne-Sarah Do¨ring, Barbara Karwatzki, Beate Rosenberg, Bettina Kempin, Claudia Gertlowski, Cordula Strecker, Corinna Weitzel, David Eberle, Dominique Van der Straeten, Elek Szabo, Elisabeth Fuss, Elisabeth Szabo (Ha¨usler), Elke Bauerbach, Ellen Vetter, Eva Posthoff, Jennifer Robinson, Jo¨rg Metzger, Juliane Meinhard, Katharina Vogelsang, Kerstin Lahrmann, Kyung Hee Kim, Maria Clemens, Maria Koczor, Marie-Claire Badouin, Martina Heim, Soheil Pezeshki, Stefan Biastoff, Stefan Wolters, Stephanie Hu¨cherig, Susanne Paradies, Ute Hegener, Verena Janiak, Virginie Berghoff, Yana Abdullah and all those I might have forgotten here.
review reports about recent findings in the biosynthesis of RA and related caffeic acid esters and discusses some aspects of the evolution of the biosynthetic enzymes. Keywords Caffeic acid esters Phenylpropanoid metabolism Biosynthesis Evolution Plant in vitro cultures Abbreviations 4CL 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid CoA-ligase C4H Cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase CoA Coenzyme A CPR NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase CYP Cytochrome P450 DHPL 3,4-Dihydroxyphenyllactic acid HCT Hydroxycinnamoyltransferase HQT Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:quinate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase HST Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:shikimate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase HPPD Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase HPPR Hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase HPR2 Cytosolic hydroxypyruvate reductase PAL Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
M. Petersen (&) Institut fu¨r Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Philipps-Universita¨t Marburg, Deutschhausstr. 17A, 35037 Marburg, Germany e-mail: [email protected]
123
Phytochem Rev
pHPL pHPP RA RAS RNAi TAT
Data Loading...
